EvoCUA: Evolving Computer Use Agents via Learning from Scalable Synthetic Experience
Abstract
EvoCUA introduces an evolutionary approach to computer-use agents that combines autonomous task generation with policy optimization to achieve superior performance in complex, long-horizon tasks.
The development of native computer-use agents (CUA) represents a significant leap in multimodal AI. However, their potential is currently bottlenecked by the constraints of static data scaling. Existing paradigms relying primarily on passive imitation of static datasets struggle to capture the intricate causal dynamics inherent in long-horizon computer tasks. In this work, we introduce EvoCUA, a native computer use agentic model. Unlike static imitation, EvoCUA integrates data generation and policy optimization into a self-sustaining evolutionary cycle. To mitigate data scarcity, we develop a verifiable synthesis engine that autonomously generates diverse tasks coupled with executable validators. To enable large-scale experience acquisition, we design a scalable infrastructure orchestrating tens of thousands of asynchronous sandbox rollouts. Building on these massive trajectories, we propose an iterative evolving learning strategy to efficiently internalize this experience. This mechanism dynamically regulates policy updates by identifying capability boundaries -- reinforcing successful routines while transforming failure trajectories into rich supervision through error analysis and self-correction. Empirical evaluations on the OSWorld benchmark demonstrate that EvoCUA achieves a success rate of 56.7%, establishing a new open-source state-of-the-art. Notably, EvoCUA significantly outperforms the previous best open-source model, OpenCUA-72B (45.0%), and surpasses leading closed-weights models such as UI-TARS-2 (53.1%). Crucially, our results underscore the generalizability of this approach: the evolving paradigm driven by learning from experience yields consistent performance gains across foundation models of varying scales, establishing a robust and scalable path for advancing native agent capabilities.
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EvoCUA: Evolving Computer Use Agent
๐ฅ #1 Open-Source Model on OSWorld | A General-Purpose Multimodal Model Excelling at Computer Use
๐ Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14724
๐ป Code: https://github.com/meituan/EvoCUA
๐ Highlights
- ๐ฅ #1 Open-Source Model on OSWorld: Achieves 56.7% task completion rate, #1 among all open-source models
- ๐ Significant Improvements: +11.7% over OpenCUA-72B (45.0%โ56.7%), +15.1% over Qwen3-VL thinking (41.6%โ56.7%), with fewer parameters and half the steps
- ๐ฅ๏ธ End-to-End Multi-Turn Automation: Operates Chrome, Excel, PowerPoint, VSCode and more through screenshots and natural language instructions
- ๐ง Novel Training Method: Our data synthesis and training approach consistently improves Computer Use capability across multiple open-source VLMs without degrading general performance
๐ Performance Comparison
| Rank | Model | Open/Closed | Type | Max Steps | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Claude-sonnet-4-5 | ๐ Closed | General | 100 | 62.9% |
| 2 | Seed-1.8 | ๐ Closed | General | 100 | 61.9% |
| 3 | Claude-sonnet-4-5 | ๐ Closed | General | 50 | 58.1% |
| 4 | EvoCUA-20260105 (Ours) | ๐ข Open | General | 50 | 56.7% ๐ฅ |
| 5 | DeepMiner-Mano-72B | ๐ Closed | Specialized | 100 | 53.9% |
| 6 | UI-TARS-2-2509 | ๐ Closed | General | 100 | 53.1% |
| 7 | EvoCUA (Previous Version) | ๐ Closed | General | 50 | 50.3% |
| 8 | EvoCUA-8B-20260105 (Ours) | ๐ข Open | General | 50 | 46.1% |
| 9 | OpenCUA-72B | ๐ข Open | Specialized | 100 | 45.0% |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 13 | Qwen3-VL-Flash | ๐ Closed | General | 100 | 41.6% |
EvoCUA is #1 among all open-source models, achieving competitive results with only 50 steps. Human-level performance remains significantly higher, indicating substantial room for improvement.
๐ Citation
If you find EvoCUA useful in your research, please consider citing:
@misc
{evocua2026,
title={EvoCUA: Evolving Computer Use Agents via Learning from Scalable Synthetic Experience},
author={Chong Peng* and Taofeng Xue*},
year={2026},
url={https://github.com/meituan/EvoCUA},
note={* Equal contribution}
}
๐ License
This project is licensed under the Apache 2.0 License - see the LICENSE file for details.
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