app.py

import gradio as gr
import torch
from transformers import ViTFeatureExtractor, ViTModel
from skops import hub_utils
from einops import reduce
from torchvision.transforms.functional import to_pil_image
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

import pickle
import os

labels = [
    'tench',
    'English springer',
    'cassette player',
    'chain saw',
    'church',
    'French horn',
    'garbage truck',
    'gas pump',
    'golf ball',
    'parachute'
]

# load DINO
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
feature_extractor = ViTFeatureExtractor.from_pretrained('facebook/dino-vitb16')
model = ViTModel.from_pretrained('facebook/dino-vitb16').eval().to(device)

# load logistic regression
os.mkdir('emb-gam-dino')
hub_utils.download(repo_id='Ramos-Ramos/emb-gam-dino', dst='emb-gam-dino')

with open('emb-gam-dino/model.pkl', 'rb') as file: 
  logistic_regression = pickle.load(file)

def classify_and_heatmap(input_img):
  # get patch embeddings
  inputs = {k: v.to(device) for k, v in feature_extractor(input_img, return_tensors='pt').items()}
  with torch.no_grad():
    patch_embeddings = model(**inputs).last_hidden_state[0, 1:].cpu()
  
  # get scores
  scores = dict(zip(
      labels,
      logistic_regression.predict_proba(reduce(patch_embeddings, 'p d -> () d', 'sum'))[0]
  ))

  # make plot
  num_patches_side = model.config.image_size // model.config.patch_size

  # set up figure
  fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 6, figsize=(12, 5))
  gs = axs[0, 0].get_gridspec()
  for ax in axs[:, 0]:
      ax.remove()
  ax_orig_img = fig.add_subplot(gs[:, 0])

  # plot original image
  img = to_pil_image(
      inputs['pixel_values'].squeeze(0) * torch.tensor(feature_extractor.image_std).view(-1, 1, 1) + torch.tensor(feature_extractor.image_mean).view(-1, 1, 1)
  )
  ax_orig_img.imshow(img)
  ax_orig_img.axis('off')

  # plot patch contributions
  patch_contributions = (
        logistic_regression.coef_ \
        @ patch_embeddings.T.numpy() \
        + logistic_regression.intercept_.reshape(-1, 1) / (num_patches_side ** 2)
    ).reshape(-1, num_patches_side, num_patches_side)
  vmin = patch_contributions.min()
  vmax = patch_contributions.max()

  # print(len(list(axs[:, 1:].flat)))
  for i, ax in enumerate(axs[:, 1:].flat):
    sns.heatmap(
        patch_contributions[i].reshape(num_patches_side, num_patches_side),
        ax=ax,
        square=True,
        vmin=vmin,
        vmax=vmax,
    )
    ax.set_title(labels[i])
    ax.set_xlabel(f'score={patch_contributions[i].sum():.2f}')
    ax.set_xticks([])
    ax.set_yticks([])

  return scores, plt

description='''
This demo is a simple extension of [Emb-GAM (Singh & Gao, 2022)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11799) to images. It does image classification on [Imagenette](https://github.com/fastai/imagenette) and visualizes the contrbutions of each image patch to each label.
'''

article='''
Under the hood, we use [DINO](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.14294) to extract patch embeddings and a logistic regression model following the set up of the [offical Emb-GAM implementation](https://github.com/csinva/emb-gam).

Citation for stuff involved (not our papers):
```bibtex
@article{singh2022emb,
  title={Emb-GAM: an Interpretable and Efficient Predictor using Pre-trained Language Models},
  author={Singh, Chandan and Gao, Jianfeng},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.11799},
  year={2022}
}

@InProceedings{Caron_2021_ICCV,
    author    = {Caron, Mathilde and Touvron, Hugo and Misra, Ishan and J\'egou, Herv\'e and Mairal, Julien and Bojanowski, Piotr and Joulin, Armand},
    title     = {Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformers},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)},
    month     = {October},
    year      = {2021},
    pages     = {9650-9660}
}

@misc{imagenette,
  author = {fast.ai},
  title = {Imagenette},
  url = {https://github.com/fastai/imagenette},
}
```
'''

demo = gr.Interface(
    fn=classify_and_heatmap,
    inputs=gr.Image(shape=(224, 224), type='pil', label='Input Image'),
    outputs=[
        gr.Label(label='Class'),
        gr.Plot(label='Patch Contributions')
    ],
    title='Emb-GAM DINO',
    description=description,
    article=article,
    examples=['./examples/english_springer.png', './examples/golf_ball.png']
)
demo.launch(debug=True)