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ART001890381	oai_kci	Middle East Consensus Statement on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy	Middle East Consensus Statement on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "Yvan Vandenplas(Universitair Kinderziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel)", "Ahmed Abuabat(Princess Nora Bint Abdulrahman University)", "Suleiman Al-Hammadi(United Arab Emirates University)", "Gamal Samy Aly(Ain Shams University)", "Mohamad S Miqdady(Sheikh Khalifa Medical City)", "Sanaa Youssef Shaaban(Ain Shams University)", "Paul-Henri Torbey(St. Joseph University)" ]	Presented are guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) which is the most common food allergy in infants. It manifests through a variety of symptoms that place a burden on both the infant and their caregivers. The guidelines were formulated by evaluation of existing evidence-based guidelines, literature evidence and expert clinical experience. The guidelines set out practical recommendations and include algorithms for the prevention and treatment of CMPA. For infants at risk of allergy, appropriate prevention diets are suggested. Breastfeeding is the best method for prevention; however, a partially hydrolyzed formula should be used in infants unable to be breastfed. In infants with suspected CMPA, guidelines are presented for the appropriate diag-nostic workup and subsequent appropriate elimination diet for treatment. Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal diet-ary allergen avoidance are the best treatment. In infants not exclusively breastfed, an extensively hydrolyzed formula should be used with amino acid formula recommended if the symptoms are life-threatening or do not resolve after extensively hydrolyzed formula. Adherence to these guidelines should assist healthcare practitioners in optimizing their approach to the management of CMPA and decrease the burden on infants and their caregivers.	Presented are guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) which is the most common food allergy in infants. It manifests through a variety of symptoms that place a burden on both the infant and their caregivers. The guidelines were formulated by evaluation of existing evidence-based guidelines, literature evidence and expert clinical experience. The guidelines set out practical recommendations and include algorithms for the prevention and treatment of CMPA. For infants at risk of allergy, appropriate prevention diets are suggested. Breastfeeding is the best method for prevention; however, a partially hydrolyzed formula should be used in infants unable to be breastfed. In infants with suspected CMPA, guidelines are presented for the appropriate diag-nostic workup and subsequent appropriate elimination diet for treatment. Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal diet-ary allergen avoidance are the best treatment. In infants not exclusively breastfed, an extensively hydrolyzed formula should be used with amino acid formula recommended if the symptoms are life-threatening or do not resolve after extensively hydrolyzed formula. Adherence to these guidelines should assist healthcare practitioners in optimizing their approach to the management of CMPA and decrease the burden on infants and their caregivers.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890381	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001890382	oai_kci	Is This Symptom Even a Food Allergy?: Clinical Types of Food Protein-induced Enterocolitis Syndrome	Is This Symptom Even a Food Allergy?: Clinical Types of Food Protein-induced Enterocolitis Syndrome	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "황진복(계명대학교)" ]	Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is an under-recognized non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy. The diagnosis of FPIES is based on clinical history, sequential symptoms and the timing, after excluding other possible causes. It is definitively diagnosed by an oral food challenge test. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of FPIES is frequently delayed because of non-specific symptoms and insufficient definitive diagnostic biomarkers. FPIES is not well recognized by clinicians; the affected infants are often mismanaged as having viral gastroenteritis, food poisoning, sepsis, or a surgical disease. Familiarity with the clinical features of FPIES and awareness of the indexes of suspicion for FPIES are important to diagnose FPIES. Understanding the recently defined clinical terms and types of FPIES is mandatory to suspect and correctly diagnose FPIES. The aim of this review is to provide a case-driven presentation as a guide of how to recognize the clinical features of FPIES to improve diagnosis and management of patients with FPIES.	Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is an under-recognized non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy. The diagnosis of FPIES is based on clinical history, sequential symptoms and the timing, after excluding other possible causes. It is definitively diagnosed by an oral food challenge test. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of FPIES is frequently delayed because of non-specific symptoms and insufficient definitive diagnostic biomarkers. FPIES is not well recognized by clinicians; the affected infants are often mismanaged as having viral gastroenteritis, food poisoning, sepsis, or a surgical disease. Familiarity with the clinical features of FPIES and awareness of the indexes of suspicion for FPIES are important to diagnose FPIES. Understanding the recently defined clinical terms and types of FPIES is mandatory to suspect and correctly diagnose FPIES. The aim of this review is to provide a case-driven presentation as a guide of how to recognize the clinical features of FPIES to improve diagnosis and management of patients with FPIES.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890382	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001890383	oai_kci	Clostridium difficile in Children: To Treat or Not to Treat?	Clostridium difficile in Children: To Treat or Not to Treat?	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "심정옥(고려대학교)" ]	Clostridium difficile infection has been increasing since 2000 in children and in adults. Frequent antibiotics use, co-morbidity, and the development of hypervirulent strains have increased the risk of infection. Despite the high carriage rates of C. difficile, infants rarely develop clinical infection. Discontinuing antibiotics and supportive management usually leads to resolution of disease. Antibiotics use should be stratified depending on the patient’s age and severity of the disease.	Clostridium difficile infection has been increasing since 2000 in children and in adults. Frequent antibiotics use, co-morbidity, and the development of hypervirulent strains have increased the risk of infection. Despite the high carriage rates of C. difficile, infants rarely develop clinical infection. Discontinuing antibiotics and supportive management usually leads to resolution of disease. Antibiotics use should be stratified depending on the patient’s age and severity of the disease.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890383	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001890384	oai_kci	Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents: When and How to Diagnose and Treat?	Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents: When and How to Diagnose and Treat?	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "윤정민(건양대학교)" ]	Recently, the incidence and prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia are increasing. Dyslipidemia is associated with significant comorbidities and complications, and with cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyper-tension and smoking). The main objectives of this article are that describe the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Korean children and adolescents and review the diagnosis and management of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.	Recently, the incidence and prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia are increasing. Dyslipidemia is associated with significant comorbidities and complications, and with cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyper-tension and smoking). The main objectives of this article are that describe the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Korean children and adolescents and review the diagnosis and management of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890384	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001890385	oai_kci	Fundoplication in Neonates and Infants with Primary Gastroesophageal Reflux	Fundoplication in Neonates and Infants with Primary Gastroesophageal Reflux	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "유병근(부산대학교)", "양해경(부산대학교)", "이연주(부산대학교)", "변신연(부산대학교)", "김해영(부산대학교)", "박재홍(부산대학교)" ]	Purpose: Gastroesophageal reflux in infant is a physiological process. However, surgery is performed in high risk infants with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when medical management fails. This study focuses on efficacy and safety of Nissen fundoplication for GERD in infants under age 12 months. Methods: This study was a retrospective case analysis of 11 neonates and infants under 12 months of age who underwent Nissen fundoplication following a failure of medical treatment between June 2010 and June 2013 at Pusan National University Children’s Hospital. The records were reviewed to determine the effect of fundoplication on symptoms and post-operative complications. Results: A total of 11 infants consist of four males and seven females. Mean birth weight was 2,305.5±558.6 g (1,390-3,130 g). They had some underlying disease, which are not related with GERD such as congenital heart disease (54.5%), prematurity (45.5%), neurologic disease (18.2%), respiratory disease (18.2%), and other gastrointestinal disease. Mean body weight at surgery was 3,803.6±1,864.9 g (1,938.7-5,668.5 g). Mean age at operation was 99.9±107.6 days (17-276 days). Duration from operation to full enteral feeding was 10.9 days. Symptoms related GERD disappeared in all patients including one who got reoperation. One infant died of congenital heart disease unrelated to surgery. There were no complications related to fundoplication. Conclusion: Fundoplication is effective and safe treatment in the neonates and infants with severe GERD.	Purpose: Gastroesophageal reflux in infant is a physiological process. However, surgery is performed in high risk infants with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when medical management fails. This study focuses on efficacy and safety of Nissen fundoplication for GERD in infants under age 12 months. Methods: This study was a retrospective case analysis of 11 neonates and infants under 12 months of age who underwent Nissen fundoplication following a failure of medical treatment between June 2010 and June 2013 at Pusan National University Children’s Hospital. The records were reviewed to determine the effect of fundoplication on symptoms and post-operative complications. Results: A total of 11 infants consist of four males and seven females. Mean birth weight was 2,305.5±558.6 g (1,390-3,130 g). They had some underlying disease, which are not related with GERD such as congenital heart disease (54.5%), prematurity (45.5%), neurologic disease (18.2%), respiratory disease (18.2%), and other gastrointestinal disease. Mean body weight at surgery was 3,803.6±1,864.9 g (1,938.7-5,668.5 g). Mean age at operation was 99.9±107.6 days (17-276 days). Duration from operation to full enteral feeding was 10.9 days. Symptoms related GERD disappeared in all patients including one who got reoperation. One infant died of congenital heart disease unrelated to surgery. There were no complications related to fundoplication. Conclusion: Fundoplication is effective and safe treatment in the neonates and infants with severe GERD.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890385	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001890386	oai_kci	Acalculous Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening in Children	Acalculous Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening in Children	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "이지행(부산대학교)", "노영은(부산대학교)", "이연주(부산대학교)", "황재연(부산대학교)", "이준우(부산대학교)", "박재홍(부산대학교)" ]	Purpose: Gallbladder (GB) wall thickening can be found in various conditions unrelated to intrinsic GB disease. We investigated the predisposing etiologies and the outcome of acalculous GB wall thickening in children. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 67 children with acalculous GB wall thickening who had visited our institute from June 2010 to June 2013. GB wall thickening was defined as a GB wall diameter ＞3.5 mm on abdominal ultrasound examination or computed tomography. Underlying diseases associated with GB wall thickening, treatment, and outcomes were studied. Results: There were 36 boys and 31 girls (mean age, 8.5±4.8 years [range, 7 months-16 years]). Systemic infection in 24 patients (35.8%), acute hepatitis in 18 (26.9%), systemic disease in 11 (16.4%), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in 4 (6.0%), acute pancreatitis in 3 (4.5%), and specific liver disease in 3 (4.5%) predisposed patients to GB wall thickening. Systemic infections were caused by bacteria in 10 patients (41.7%), viruses in 5 patients (20.8%), and fungi in 2 patients (8.3%). Systemic diseases observed were systemic lupus erythematosus in 2, drug-induced hypersensitivity in 2, congestive heart failure in 2, renal disorder in 2. Sixty-one patients (91.0%) received symptomatic treatments or treatment for underlying diseases. Five patients (7.5%) died from underlying diseases. Cholecystectomy was performed in 3 patients during treatment of the underlying disease. Conclusion: A wide range of extracholecystic conditions cause diffuse GB wall thickening that resolves spontaneously or with treatment of underlying diseases. Surgical treatments should be avoided if there are no definite clinical manifestations of cholecystitis.	Purpose: Gallbladder (GB) wall thickening can be found in various conditions unrelated to intrinsic GB disease. We investigated the predisposing etiologies and the outcome of acalculous GB wall thickening in children. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 67 children with acalculous GB wall thickening who had visited our institute from June 2010 to June 2013. GB wall thickening was defined as a GB wall diameter ＞3.5 mm on abdominal ultrasound examination or computed tomography. Underlying diseases associated with GB wall thickening, treatment, and outcomes were studied. Results: There were 36 boys and 31 girls (mean age, 8.5±4.8 years [range, 7 months-16 years]). Systemic infection in 24 patients (35.8%), acute hepatitis in 18 (26.9%), systemic disease in 11 (16.4%), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in 4 (6.0%), acute pancreatitis in 3 (4.5%), and specific liver disease in 3 (4.5%) predisposed patients to GB wall thickening. Systemic infections were caused by bacteria in 10 patients (41.7%), viruses in 5 patients (20.8%), and fungi in 2 patients (8.3%). Systemic diseases observed were systemic lupus erythematosus in 2, drug-induced hypersensitivity in 2, congestive heart failure in 2, renal disorder in 2. Sixty-one patients (91.0%) received symptomatic treatments or treatment for underlying diseases. Five patients (7.5%) died from underlying diseases. Cholecystectomy was performed in 3 patients during treatment of the underlying disease. Conclusion: A wide range of extracholecystic conditions cause diffuse GB wall thickening that resolves spontaneously or with treatment of underlying diseases. Surgical treatments should be avoided if there are no definite clinical manifestations of cholecystitis.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890386	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001890387	oai_kci	Growth and Tolerance Assessment of a Lutein-fortified Infant Formula	Growth and Tolerance Assessment of a Lutein-fortified Infant Formula	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "Igor Ya. Kon(Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)", "Maria V. Gmoshinskaya(Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)", "Adilya I. Safronova(Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)", "Pedro Alarcon(National Institute of Child Health)", "Yvan Vandenplas(Universitair Kinderziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel)" ]	Purpose: To evaluate safety, gastrointestinal tolerance, and growth of a new experimental starter formula (NESF) fortified with lutein, prebiotics, probiotics, nucleotides and beta-carotene, fed to infants within the first months of life. Methods: This was a non-randomized, open, uncontrolled study conducted from December 2010 to May 2011. Twenty-three healthy infants aged 10 days to 2 months old were enrolled. Outcomes included gastrointestinal tolerance, physical growth and safety. Prior to the initiation of the trial, the Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences confirmed that the NESF met all safety and nutritional parameters. Results: NESF was well tolerated. The majority of infants fed this formula passed semi-liquid, yellow or yellow-brown. The mean stool frequency/day was 2.5±0.4 on study-day 14 and 1.8±0.5 on study-day 28. The mean daily weight gain was 30.9±3.8 grams and the mean length gain during the 28 days of follow up was 3.1±0.8 cm, corresponding to the average physical growth normally seen in the first months of life in Russian infants. Six children left the study: one refused to drink the formula, one left the study as parents changed residence; and one child’s parents have recalled their informed consent due to adverse event unrelated to the product. Three infants presented adverse events possibly related to the product (rash; colic and abdominal pain; constipation). Seventeen infants completed the trial. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that lutein-fortified formula is safe, well-tolerated and supported physical growth of evaluated infants.	Purpose: To evaluate safety, gastrointestinal tolerance, and growth of a new experimental starter formula (NESF) fortified with lutein, prebiotics, probiotics, nucleotides and beta-carotene, fed to infants within the first months of life. Methods: This was a non-randomized, open, uncontrolled study conducted from December 2010 to May 2011. Twenty-three healthy infants aged 10 days to 2 months old were enrolled. Outcomes included gastrointestinal tolerance, physical growth and safety. Prior to the initiation of the trial, the Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences confirmed that the NESF met all safety and nutritional parameters. Results: NESF was well tolerated. The majority of infants fed this formula passed semi-liquid, yellow or yellow-brown. The mean stool frequency/day was 2.5±0.4 on study-day 14 and 1.8±0.5 on study-day 28. The mean daily weight gain was 30.9±3.8 grams and the mean length gain during the 28 days of follow up was 3.1±0.8 cm, corresponding to the average physical growth normally seen in the first months of life in Russian infants. Six children left the study: one refused to drink the formula, one left the study as parents changed residence; and one child’s parents have recalled their informed consent due to adverse event unrelated to the product. Three infants presented adverse events possibly related to the product (rash; colic and abdominal pain; constipation). Seventeen infants completed the trial. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that lutein-fortified formula is safe, well-tolerated and supported physical growth of evaluated infants.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890387	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001890388	oai_kci	Duodenal Perforation: Unusual Complication of Gastrostomy Tube Replacement	Duodenal Perforation: Unusual Complication of Gastrostomy Tube Replacement	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "김수홍(부산대학교)", "민사홍(서울대학교)", "김현영(서울대학교)", "정성은(서울대학교)" ]	Feeding gastrostomy is widely used for children with feeding impairment. The replacement of gastrostomy tube is known as an easy and safe procedure. However, various complications associated with replacement of gastrostomy tube were reported, including fistula disruption and colo-cutaneous fistula. For replacement of gastrostomy tube in small children with small stomach, special cautions are needed. Here, we report a rare case of duodenal perforation as an acute complication after the replacement of gastrostomy tube for a 33-month-old girl.	Feeding gastrostomy is widely used for children with feeding impairment. The replacement of gastrostomy tube is known as an easy and safe procedure. However, various complications associated with replacement of gastrostomy tube were reported, including fistula disruption and colo-cutaneous fistula. For replacement of gastrostomy tube in small children with small stomach, special cautions are needed. Here, we report a rare case of duodenal perforation as an acute complication after the replacement of gastrostomy tube for a 33-month-old girl.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890388	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001890389	oai_kci	Two Cases of Infantile Intra-abdominal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor	Two Cases of Infantile Intra-abdominal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "김수홍(부산대학교)", "조용훈(부산대학교)", "김해영(부산대학교)" ]	Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is rare mesenchymal solid tumor that consists of proliferating myofibro-blasts with an inflammatory infiltrate background. It has a very low prevalence in infants and occurs mainly in children and young adults. IMT are mainly located in the thoracic cavity, but intra-abdominal lesions are rare. IMT can exhibit locally aggressive neoplastic processes and metastases similar to malignancies, so, have clinical importance. Herein, we describe two infantile intra-abdominal IMT cases presenting with incidentally found palpable abdominal mass. A 4-month-old male infant had IMT at the ileal mesentery and a 5-month-old male infant had IMT at liver. Both cases were successfully treated by complete surgical resection without complication or recurrence. Considering the biological behavior of the intermediate type of neoplasm in IMT, we expect good survivals when achieving appro-priate surgical resection without adjuvant therapy in infantile intra-abdominal IMT.	Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is rare mesenchymal solid tumor that consists of proliferating myofibro-blasts with an inflammatory infiltrate background. It has a very low prevalence in infants and occurs mainly in children and young adults. IMT are mainly located in the thoracic cavity, but intra-abdominal lesions are rare. IMT can exhibit locally aggressive neoplastic processes and metastases similar to malignancies, so, have clinical importance. Herein, we describe two infantile intra-abdominal IMT cases presenting with incidentally found palpable abdominal mass. A 4-month-old male infant had IMT at the ileal mesentery and a 5-month-old male infant had IMT at liver. Both cases were successfully treated by complete surgical resection without complication or recurrence. Considering the biological behavior of the intermediate type of neoplasm in IMT, we expect good survivals when achieving appro-priate surgical resection without adjuvant therapy in infantile intra-abdominal IMT.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890389	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001890390	oai_kci	Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid for Cholestasis due to BileDuct Paucity	Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid for Cholestasis due to BileDuct Paucity	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "배선환(건국대학교)", "박희선(건국대학교)", "한혜승(건국대학교)", "윤익진(건국대학교)" ]	Omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids appear to be effective in preventing and treating parenteral nu-trition-associated liver disease, and several mechanisms were proposed for this observation. An 8-week-old male infant with cholestasis and acholic stool was diagnosed non-syndromic intrahepatic interlobular bile duct paucity by open-wedge liver biopsy. Initially he was treated with usual supportive medical therapy, including ursodeoxycholic acid. However, the clinical status and laboratory tests did not improve. Omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (initially intravenous administration and oral administration later), were started and his liver function, including amino-transferase level and bilirubin levels normalized, and the ivory stool color turned green. We report the possible effec-tiveness of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potent choleretic agent for non-syndromic intrahepatic interlobular bile duct paucity, a very rare structural pediatric hepatic disease.	Omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids appear to be effective in preventing and treating parenteral nu-trition-associated liver disease, and several mechanisms were proposed for this observation. An 8-week-old male infant with cholestasis and acholic stool was diagnosed non-syndromic intrahepatic interlobular bile duct paucity by open-wedge liver biopsy. Initially he was treated with usual supportive medical therapy, including ursodeoxycholic acid. However, the clinical status and laboratory tests did not improve. Omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (initially intravenous administration and oral administration later), were started and his liver function, including amino-transferase level and bilirubin levels normalized, and the ivory stool color turned green. We report the possible effec-tiveness of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potent choleretic agent for non-syndromic intrahepatic interlobular bile duct paucity, a very rare structural pediatric hepatic disease.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890390	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001890391	oai_kci	Dedication: The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Celebrates the Retirement of Professor Jeong Kee Seo	Dedication: The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Celebrates the Retirement of Professor Jeong Kee Seo	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "17", "issue": "2" }	[ "서정기(서울대학교)" ]	null	null	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001890391	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002115705	oai_kci	Efficacy and Tolerance of a New Anti-Regurgitation Formula	Efficacy and Tolerance of a New Anti-Regurgitation Formula	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "19", "issue": "2" }	[ "Christophe Dupont(Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades)", "Yvan Vandenplas(Vrije Universiteit Brussel)", "SONAR Study Group(Vrije Universiteit Brussel)" ]	Purpose: Regurgitation is a common physiological phenomenon in infants. The aim of the present study was to eval-uate the efficacy of a new anti-regurgitation (AR) formula (Novalac), thickened with an innovative complex including fibres, on the daily number of regurgitations and to assess its impact on stool consistency and frequency.Methods: Infants younger than five months, presenting at least 5 regurgitations per day were recruited in this trial. The efficacy of the new formula on regurgitation (daily number and Vandenplas score), stool frequency and con-sistency were assessed at day 14 and 90. Growth data were recorded at each study visit.Results: Ninety babies (mean age 9.6±5.8 weeks) were included in the full analysis data set. The mean number of regurgitation episodes at inclusion was 7.3±3.4. In all infants, regurgitations improved after 2 weeks. The daily number of regurgitations decreased significantly (−6.3±3.3, p＜0.001) including in those previously fed a thickened formula (−6.2±3.0, p＜0.001). There was no significant change in stool consistency at day 14. After 3 months, 97.5% of infants had formed or soft stools. Growth was appropriate with a slight increase of weight-for-age z-score (from −0.5±1.0 to −0.1±0.9) and no change of weight-for length z-score (−0.1±1.1 to −0.1±−1.1).Conclusion: The new AR formula thickened with an innovative complex is very effective in reducing the daily number of regurgitations without having a negative impact on stools consistency.	Purpose: Regurgitation is a common physiological phenomenon in infants. The aim of the present study was to eval-uate the efficacy of a new anti-regurgitation (AR) formula (Novalac), thickened with an innovative complex including fibres, on the daily number of regurgitations and to assess its impact on stool consistency and frequency.Methods: Infants younger than five months, presenting at least 5 regurgitations per day were recruited in this trial. The efficacy of the new formula on regurgitation (daily number and Vandenplas score), stool frequency and con-sistency were assessed at day 14 and 90. Growth data were recorded at each study visit.Results: Ninety babies (mean age 9.6±5.8 weeks) were included in the full analysis data set. The mean number of regurgitation episodes at inclusion was 7.3±3.4. In all infants, regurgitations improved after 2 weeks. The daily number of regurgitations decreased significantly (−6.3±3.3, p＜0.001) including in those previously fed a thickened formula (−6.2±3.0, p＜0.001). There was no significant change in stool consistency at day 14. After 3 months, 97.5% of infants had formed or soft stools. Growth was appropriate with a slight increase of weight-for-age z-score (from −0.5±1.0 to −0.1±0.9) and no change of weight-for length z-score (−0.1±1.1 to −0.1±−1.1).Conclusion: The new AR formula thickened with an innovative complex is very effective in reducing the daily number of regurgitations without having a negative impact on stools consistency.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002115705	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002115706	oai_kci	The Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Body Weight among Children	The Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Body Weight among Children	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "19", "issue": "2" }	[ "Jun Sik Choi(Konyang University)", "Kyung Og Ko(Konyang University)", "Jae Woo Lim(Konyang University)", "Eun Jeong Cheon(Konyang University)", "Gyung Min Lee(Konyang University)", "Jung Min Yoon(Konyang University)" ]	Purpose: We performed to reveal the association between the Helicobacter pylori infection and body weight among children.Methods: Out retrospective study included patients who underwent the H. pylori immunoglobulin G testing at Konyang University Hospital between March 2011 and June 2014. These patients were classified as seropositive (28 boys, 27 girls; mean age: 9.89±3.28 years) or seronegative (55 boys, 54 girls; mean age: 9.84±3.02 years). Next, we com-pared various characteristics between the seropositive and negative groups, as well as between obese children (body weight ≥90th percentile) and non-obese children (body weight ＜90th percentile). Furthermore, we compared the change in body weight after 2 months of treatment with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole among the 55 seropositive children (14 treated children and 41 non-treated children).Results: There were no differences in the weights and laboratory data for the 55 seropositive children and 109 sero-negative children (weight; 40.96±18.11 kg vs. 36.85±13.72 kg, respectively; p=0.14). And, there was no difference in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among the 29 obese and 135 non-obese children (p=0.581). However, after 2 months of eradication, the 14 treated patients exhibited a significant weight gain (＋0.91±0.52 kg), compared to the 41 non-treated patients (−0.29±1.16 kg, p=0.025).Conclusion: Our findings present that obesity was not associated with the H. pylori infection, although H. pylori erad-ication led to significant increase in body weight.	Purpose: We performed to reveal the association between the Helicobacter pylori infection and body weight among children.Methods: Out retrospective study included patients who underwent the H. pylori immunoglobulin G testing at Konyang University Hospital between March 2011 and June 2014. These patients were classified as seropositive (28 boys, 27 girls; mean age: 9.89±3.28 years) or seronegative (55 boys, 54 girls; mean age: 9.84±3.02 years). Next, we com-pared various characteristics between the seropositive and negative groups, as well as between obese children (body weight ≥90th percentile) and non-obese children (body weight ＜90th percentile). Furthermore, we compared the change in body weight after 2 months of treatment with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole among the 55 seropositive children (14 treated children and 41 non-treated children).Results: There were no differences in the weights and laboratory data for the 55 seropositive children and 109 sero-negative children (weight; 40.96±18.11 kg vs. 36.85±13.72 kg, respectively; p=0.14). And, there was no difference in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among the 29 obese and 135 non-obese children (p=0.581). However, after 2 months of eradication, the 14 treated patients exhibited a significant weight gain (＋0.91±0.52 kg), compared to the 41 non-treated patients (−0.29±1.16 kg, p=0.025).Conclusion: Our findings present that obesity was not associated with the H. pylori infection, although H. pylori erad-ication led to significant increase in body weight.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002115706	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002115707	oai_kci	Adalimumab Treatment in Pediatric-Onset Crohn’s Disease Patients after Infliximab Failure: A Single Center Study	Adalimumab Treatment in Pediatric-Onset Crohn’s Disease Patients after Infliximab Failure: A Single Center Study	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "19", "issue": "2" }	[ "Won Jae Song(Samsung Medical Center)", "Ben Kang(Samsung Medical Center)", "So Yoon Choi(Samsung Medical Center)", "최연호(성균관대학교)" ]	Purpose: We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in pediatric-onset Crohn’s disease patients who had failed treatment with infliximab.Methods: In this retrospective study, patients included were those who had been diagnosed with Crohn’s disease before 18 years old, and had received treatment with adalimumab after infliximab failure. The efficacy of adalimumab treatment was investigated at 1 month and 1 year, and adverse events that had occurred during treatment with adali-mumab were explored. Results: Ten patients were included in this study. The median duration from diagnosis to adalimumab treatment was 5.5 years (range: 2.4-7.9 years). At 1 month after adalimumab initiation, 80% (8/10) of patients showed clinical response, and 40% (4/10) achieved clinical remission. At 1 year, 71% (5/7) of patients showed clinical response, and 43% (3/7) were under clinical remission. Among the total included patients, 5 patients (50%) showed clinical response at 1 year. Primary non-response to adalimumab was observed in 2 patients (20%), and secondary failure to adalimumab was observed in 3 patients (30%) during 1 year treatment with adalimumab. No serious adverse event had occurred during adalimumab treatment. Conclusion: Adalimumab was effective for 1 year without serious adverse events in half of pediatric-onset Crohn’sdisease patients who had failed treatment with infliximab.	Purpose: We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in pediatric-onset Crohn’s disease patients who had failed treatment with infliximab.Methods: In this retrospective study, patients included were those who had been diagnosed with Crohn’s disease before 18 years old, and had received treatment with adalimumab after infliximab failure. The efficacy of adalimumab treatment was investigated at 1 month and 1 year, and adverse events that had occurred during treatment with adali-mumab were explored. Results: Ten patients were included in this study. The median duration from diagnosis to adalimumab treatment was 5.5 years (range: 2.4-7.9 years). At 1 month after adalimumab initiation, 80% (8/10) of patients showed clinical response, and 40% (4/10) achieved clinical remission. At 1 year, 71% (5/7) of patients showed clinical response, and 43% (3/7) were under clinical remission. Among the total included patients, 5 patients (50%) showed clinical response at 1 year. Primary non-response to adalimumab was observed in 2 patients (20%), and secondary failure to adalimumab was observed in 3 patients (30%) during 1 year treatment with adalimumab. No serious adverse event had occurred during adalimumab treatment. Conclusion: Adalimumab was effective for 1 year without serious adverse events in half of pediatric-onset Crohn’sdisease patients who had failed treatment with infliximab.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002115707	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002115708	oai_kci	Nutrient Intakes and Hair Mineral Contents of Young Children	Nutrient Intakes and Hair Mineral Contents of Young Children	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "19", "issue": "2" }	[ "김혜영A(용인대학교)", "이지영(용인대학교)", "양혜란(서울대학교)" ]	Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the dietary nutrient intake status and hair mineral content of Korean young children.Methods: Fifty-five children who visited Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were divided into three groups by age: infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. The 24-hour recall method was used to collect the food intake data of the subjects. Hair mineral analysis was conducted using a Mass Spectrometer. Serum iron, ferritin, and calcium were also measured. Results: The mean energy intakes of the subjects were 730.3 kcal, 994.3 kcal, and 1,482.9 kcal for each age group. The mean percentage of energy intake compared to recommendation was 101.4% and was not different by age group. Toddlers of 37.8% and preschoolers of 54.5% consumed less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of calcium. Infants of 28.6%, toddlers of 10.8% and preschoolers of 9.1% consumed less than the EAR of iron. In the case of zinc, copper, and selenium, only 0% to 5% of toddlers and none of the preschoolers consumed less than the EAR of those minerals. The hair calcium, iron and copper concentrations were lower in toddlers and pre-schoolers than those in infants. Serum calcium levels of preschoolers were significantly lower than those of infants, whereas serum iron and ferritin levels were not.Conclusion: Hair calcium, iron, and copper concentrations were significantly lower in toddlers and preschoolers than in infants. Insufficient dietary intake of calcium and iron seems to be related with decreased hair mineral contents in young children.	Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the dietary nutrient intake status and hair mineral content of Korean young children.Methods: Fifty-five children who visited Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were divided into three groups by age: infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. The 24-hour recall method was used to collect the food intake data of the subjects. Hair mineral analysis was conducted using a Mass Spectrometer. Serum iron, ferritin, and calcium were also measured. Results: The mean energy intakes of the subjects were 730.3 kcal, 994.3 kcal, and 1,482.9 kcal for each age group. The mean percentage of energy intake compared to recommendation was 101.4% and was not different by age group. Toddlers of 37.8% and preschoolers of 54.5% consumed less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of calcium. Infants of 28.6%, toddlers of 10.8% and preschoolers of 9.1% consumed less than the EAR of iron. In the case of zinc, copper, and selenium, only 0% to 5% of toddlers and none of the preschoolers consumed less than the EAR of those minerals. The hair calcium, iron and copper concentrations were lower in toddlers and pre-schoolers than those in infants. Serum calcium levels of preschoolers were significantly lower than those of infants, whereas serum iron and ferritin levels were not.Conclusion: Hair calcium, iron, and copper concentrations were significantly lower in toddlers and preschoolers than in infants. Insufficient dietary intake of calcium and iron seems to be related with decreased hair mineral contents in young children.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002115708	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002115709	oai_kci	A Study on Dietary Habits and Lifestyle of Girls with PrecociousPuberty	A Study on Dietary Habits and Lifestyle of Girls with PrecociousPuberty	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "19", "issue": "2" }	[ "Jae-Seong Heo(Presbyterian Medical Center)", "Hyeok-Soo Moon(Presbyterian Medical Center)", "Mi-Kyeong Kim(Presbyterian Medical Center)" ]	Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the change in the obesity index in girls receiving a gonado-tropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), based on treatment duration, and to aid in nutritional counseling by inves-tigating dietary habits and lifestyle.Methods: Anthropometric examinations were conducted on 62 girls treated with GnRHa from January 2010 through July 2014. Parents were asked to fill out questionnaires on patient dietary habits and lifestyle. Results: The group taking GnRHa for over 1 year had a higher rate of obesity increase than the group taking GnRHa for less than 1 year, but they had common habits related to obesity, which should be corrected. In addition, 69.2% of the normal weight group taking GnRHa for over 1 year gained weight, and needed more intensive programs, which include physical exercise and nutritional education. Although girls with precocious puberty showed a decrease in the intake of high-calorie foods with nutritional intervention regardless of treatment duration, they still had problems that needed improvement, such as shorter meals and lack of exercise. Conclusion: Girls with precocious puberty and their parents should emphasize maintenance of proper body weight, especially when treatment for over 1 year is anticipated. Consistent education in nutrition, ways to increase intensity and duration of physical activity, and the need to slow down mealtimes are important in managing obesity; doctors need to perform regular checkups and provide nutritional counseling.	Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the change in the obesity index in girls receiving a gonado-tropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), based on treatment duration, and to aid in nutritional counseling by inves-tigating dietary habits and lifestyle.Methods: Anthropometric examinations were conducted on 62 girls treated with GnRHa from January 2010 through July 2014. Parents were asked to fill out questionnaires on patient dietary habits and lifestyle. Results: The group taking GnRHa for over 1 year had a higher rate of obesity increase than the group taking GnRHa for less than 1 year, but they had common habits related to obesity, which should be corrected. In addition, 69.2% of the normal weight group taking GnRHa for over 1 year gained weight, and needed more intensive programs, which include physical exercise and nutritional education. Although girls with precocious puberty showed a decrease in the intake of high-calorie foods with nutritional intervention regardless of treatment duration, they still had problems that needed improvement, such as shorter meals and lack of exercise. Conclusion: Girls with precocious puberty and their parents should emphasize maintenance of proper body weight, especially when treatment for over 1 year is anticipated. Consistent education in nutrition, ways to increase intensity and duration of physical activity, and the need to slow down mealtimes are important in managing obesity; doctors need to perform regular checkups and provide nutritional counseling.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002115709	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002115703	oai_kci	Hepatitis C Viral Infection in Children: Updated Review	Hepatitis C Viral Infection in Children: Updated Review	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "19", "issue": "2" }	[ "Mohamed A. El-Guindi(Menoufiya University)" ]	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major medical challenge affecting around 200 million people worldwide. The main site of HCV replication is the hepatocytes of the liver. HCV is a positive enveloped RNA virus from the flaviviridae family. Six major HCV genotypes are implicated in the human infection. In developed countries the children are in-fected mainly through vertical transmission during deliveries, while in developing countries it is still due to horizontal transmission from adults. Minimal nonspecific and brief symptoms are initially found in approximately 15% of children. Acute and chronic HCV infection is diagnosed through the recognition of HCV RNA. The main objective for treatment of chronic HCV is to convert detected HCV viremia to below the detection limit. Children with chronic HCV infection are usually asymptomatic and rarely develop severe liver damage. Therefore, the benefits from current therapies, pegylated-Interferon plus ribavirin, must be weighed against their adverse effects. This combined treatment offers a 50-90% chance of clearing HCV infection according to several studies and on different HCV genotype. Recent direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs which are well established for adults have not yet been approved for children and young adults below 18 years. The most important field for the prevention of HCV infection in children would be the prevention of perinatal and parenteral transmission. There are areas of focus for new lines of research in pediatric HCV-related disease that can be addressed in the near future.	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major medical challenge affecting around 200 million people worldwide. The main site of HCV replication is the hepatocytes of the liver. HCV is a positive enveloped RNA virus from the flaviviridae family. Six major HCV genotypes are implicated in the human infection. In developed countries the children are in-fected mainly through vertical transmission during deliveries, while in developing countries it is still due to horizontal transmission from adults. Minimal nonspecific and brief symptoms are initially found in approximately 15% of children. Acute and chronic HCV infection is diagnosed through the recognition of HCV RNA. The main objective for treatment of chronic HCV is to convert detected HCV viremia to below the detection limit. Children with chronic HCV infection are usually asymptomatic and rarely develop severe liver damage. Therefore, the benefits from current therapies, pegylated-Interferon plus ribavirin, must be weighed against their adverse effects. This combined treatment offers a 50-90% chance of clearing HCV infection according to several studies and on different HCV genotype. Recent direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs which are well established for adults have not yet been approved for children and young adults below 18 years. The most important field for the prevention of HCV infection in children would be the prevention of perinatal and parenteral transmission. There are areas of focus for new lines of research in pediatric HCV-related disease that can be addressed in the near future.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002115703	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002115704	oai_kci	Updates on the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children: What Are the Differences between Adults and Children?	Updates on the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children: What Are the Differences between Adults and Children?	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "19", "issue": "2" }	[ "Hye Ran Yang(Seoul National University Bundang Hospital)" ]	Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly during childhood and causes various diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and iron deficiency anemia. Although H. pyloriinfection in children differs from adults in many ways, this is often overlooked in clinical practice. Unlike adults, nodular gastritis may be a pathognomonic endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection. Histopathological findings of gastric tissues are also different in children due to predominance of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the formation of gastric MALT. Although endoscopy is recommended for the initial diagnosis of H. pylori infection, several non-in-vasive diagnostic tests such as the urea breath test (UBT) and the H. pylori stool antigen test (HpSA) are available and well validated even in children. According to recent data, both the 13C-UBT and HpSA using enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay are reliable non-invasive tests to determine H. pylori status after eradication therapy, although children younger than 6 years are known to have high false positives. When invasive or noninvasive tests are applied to children to detect H. pylori infection, it should be noted that there are differences between children and adults in diagnosing H. pylori infection.	Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly during childhood and causes various diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and iron deficiency anemia. Although H. pyloriinfection in children differs from adults in many ways, this is often overlooked in clinical practice. Unlike adults, nodular gastritis may be a pathognomonic endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection. Histopathological findings of gastric tissues are also different in children due to predominance of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the formation of gastric MALT. Although endoscopy is recommended for the initial diagnosis of H. pylori infection, several non-in-vasive diagnostic tests such as the urea breath test (UBT) and the H. pylori stool antigen test (HpSA) are available and well validated even in children. According to recent data, both the 13C-UBT and HpSA using enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay are reliable non-invasive tests to determine H. pylori status after eradication therapy, although children younger than 6 years are known to have high false positives. When invasive or noninvasive tests are applied to children to detect H. pylori infection, it should be noted that there are differences between children and adults in diagnosing H. pylori infection.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002115704	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002115710	oai_kci	The Challenges of Diagnosing and Following Wilson Disease in the Presence of Proteinuria	The Challenges of Diagnosing and Following Wilson Disease in the Presence of Proteinuria	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "19", "issue": "2" }	[ "Soofia Khan(Phoenix Children’s Hospital)", "Michael Schilsky(Yale University Medical Center)", "Gary Silber(Phoenix Children’s Hospital)", "Bruce Morgenstern(Roseman University)", "Tamir Miloh(Texas Children’s Hospital)" ]	The coexistence of Wilson disease with Alport syndrome has not previously been reported. The diagnosis of Wilson disease and its ongoing monitoring is challenging when associated with an underlying renal disease such as Alport syndrome. Proteinuria can lead to low ceruloplasmin since it is among serum proteins inappropriately filtered by the damaged glomerulus, and can also lead to increased urinary loss of heavy metals such as zinc and copper. Elevated transaminases may be attributed to dyslipidemia or drug induced hepatotoxicity. The accurate diagnosis of Wilson disease is essential for targeted therapy and improved prognosis. We describe a patient with a diagnosis of Alport syndrome who has had chronic elevation of transaminases eventually diagnosed with Wilson disease based on liver histology and genetics.	The coexistence of Wilson disease with Alport syndrome has not previously been reported. The diagnosis of Wilson disease and its ongoing monitoring is challenging when associated with an underlying renal disease such as Alport syndrome. Proteinuria can lead to low ceruloplasmin since it is among serum proteins inappropriately filtered by the damaged glomerulus, and can also lead to increased urinary loss of heavy metals such as zinc and copper. Elevated transaminases may be attributed to dyslipidemia or drug induced hepatotoxicity. The accurate diagnosis of Wilson disease is essential for targeted therapy and improved prognosis. We describe a patient with a diagnosis of Alport syndrome who has had chronic elevation of transaminases eventually diagnosed with Wilson disease based on liver histology and genetics.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002115710	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002115711	oai_kci	Mesenteric Panniculitis in a Thirteen-Year-Old Korean Boy Treated with Prednisolone: A Case Report	Mesenteric Panniculitis in a Thirteen-Year-Old Korean Boy Treated with Prednisolone: A Case Report	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "19", "issue": "2" }	[ "Sun Hwan Bae(Konkuk University)", "Se Jin Park(Konkuk University)", "Wan Seop Kim(Konkuk University)", "Min Woo Lee(Konkuk University)", "Ji Soo Kim(Konkuk University)" ]	Pediatric mesenteric panniculitis is an extremely rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic in-flammation, fat necrosis, and fibrosis in the mesenteric adipose tissue. A previously healthy 13-year-old boy was admitted because of right upper abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed increased at-tenuation and enhancement in the left upper abdominal omental fat and anterior peritoneal wall thickening. A laparo-scopic biopsy showed mesenteric panniculitis with chronic inflammation, adiponecrosis, and septal fibrosis. Serological tests for autoimmune diseases, nested polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and special immunohistochemical stains for malignancy were all negative. Symptomatic improvement and improved abnormal findings were achieved after an 8-month treatment with prednisolone according to a follow-up abdominal computed tomography scan. Here, we report a case of pediatric mesenteric panniculitis treated with prednisolone.	Pediatric mesenteric panniculitis is an extremely rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic in-flammation, fat necrosis, and fibrosis in the mesenteric adipose tissue. A previously healthy 13-year-old boy was admitted because of right upper abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed increased at-tenuation and enhancement in the left upper abdominal omental fat and anterior peritoneal wall thickening. A laparo-scopic biopsy showed mesenteric panniculitis with chronic inflammation, adiponecrosis, and septal fibrosis. Serological tests for autoimmune diseases, nested polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and special immunohistochemical stains for malignancy were all negative. Symptomatic improvement and improved abnormal findings were achieved after an 8-month treatment with prednisolone according to a follow-up abdominal computed tomography scan. Here, we report a case of pediatric mesenteric panniculitis treated with prednisolone.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002115711	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002115712	oai_kci	Living Related Liver Transplantation in an Infant with Neonatal Hemochromatosis	Living Related Liver Transplantation in an Infant with Neonatal Hemochromatosis	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "06", "volume": "19", "issue": "2" }	[ "Shin Jie Choi(Seoul National University Children’s Hospital)", "Jong Sub Choi(Seoul National University Children’s Hospital)", "Peter Chun(Seoul National University Children’s Hospital)", "Jung Kyung Yoo(Seoul National University Children’s Hospital)", "Jin Soo Moon(Seoul National University Children’s Hospital)", "고재성(서울대학교)", "김우선(서울대학교)", "강경훈(서울대학교)", "이남준(Seoul National University)" ]	Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH) is a severe neonatal liver injury that is confirmed by extra-hepatic iron accumulation. Although a recent study described treating NH with exchange transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulin, liver transplantation should be considered for patients with severe liver failure that does not respond to other medical treatment. Herein, we report the case of a two-month-old female infant who presented with persistent ascites and hyperbilirubinemia. Her laboratory findings demonstrated severe coagulopathy, high indirect and direct bilirubin lev-els, and high ferritin levels. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging presented low signal intensity in the liver on T2-weighted images, suggesting iron deposition. The infant was diagnosed with NH as a result of the clinical findings and after congenital infection and metabolic diseases were excluded. The infant was successfully treated with a living-donor liver transplantation. Living related liver transplantation should be considered as a treatment option for NH in infants.	Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH) is a severe neonatal liver injury that is confirmed by extra-hepatic iron accumulation. Although a recent study described treating NH with exchange transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulin, liver transplantation should be considered for patients with severe liver failure that does not respond to other medical treatment. Herein, we report the case of a two-month-old female infant who presented with persistent ascites and hyperbilirubinemia. Her laboratory findings demonstrated severe coagulopathy, high indirect and direct bilirubin lev-els, and high ferritin levels. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging presented low signal intensity in the liver on T2-weighted images, suggesting iron deposition. The infant was diagnosed with NH as a result of the clinical findings and after congenital infection and metabolic diseases were excluded. The infant was successfully treated with a living-donor liver transplantation. Living related liver transplantation should be considered as a treatment option for NH in infants.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002115712	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973895	oai_kci	Disseminated Cytomegalovirus Infection and Protein Losing Enteropathy as Presenting Feature of Pediatric Patient with Crohn’s Disease	Disseminated Cytomegalovirus Infection and Protein Losing Enteropathy as Presenting Feature of Pediatric Patient with Crohn’s Disease	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "Murat Cakir, Safak Ersoz(Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey)", "Ulas Emre Akbulut(Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey)" ]	We report a pediatric patient admitted with abdominal pain, diffuse lower extremity edema and watery diarrhea for two months. Laboratory findings including complete blood count, serum albumin, lipid and immunoglobulin levels were compatible with protein losing enteropathy. Colonoscopic examination revealed diffuse ulcers with smooth raised edge (like "punched out holes") in the colon and terminal ileum. Histopathological examination showed active colitis, ulcerations and inclusion bodies. Immunostaining for cytomegalovirus was positive. Despite supportive man-agement, antiviral therapy, the clinical condition of the patient worsened and developed disseminated cytomegalovi-rus infection and the patient died. Protein losing enteropathy and disseminated cytomegalovirus infection a present-ing of feature in steroid-naive patient with inflammatory bowel disease is very rare. Hypogammaglobulinemia asso-ciated with protein losing enteropathy in Crohn's disease may predispose the cytomegalovirus infection in previously healthy children.	We report a pediatric patient admitted with abdominal pain, diffuse lower extremity edema and watery diarrhea for two months. Laboratory findings including complete blood count, serum albumin, lipid and immunoglobulin levels were compatible with protein losing enteropathy. Colonoscopic examination revealed diffuse ulcers with smooth raised edge (like "punched out holes") in the colon and terminal ileum. Histopathological examination showed active colitis, ulcerations and inclusion bodies. Immunostaining for cytomegalovirus was positive. Despite supportive man-agement, antiviral therapy, the clinical condition of the patient worsened and developed disseminated cytomegalovi-rus infection and the patient died. Protein losing enteropathy and disseminated cytomegalovirus infection a present-ing of feature in steroid-naive patient with inflammatory bowel disease is very rare. Hypogammaglobulinemia asso-ciated with protein losing enteropathy in Crohn's disease may predispose the cytomegalovirus infection in previously healthy children.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973895	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973896	oai_kci	Suppurative Meckel Diiverticulum in a 3-Year-Old Girl Presenting with Periumbilical Cellulitis	Suppurative Meckel Diiverticulum in a 3-Year-Old Girl Presenting with Periumbilical Cellulitis	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "박지숙(경상대학교)", "임춘우(경상대학교)", "박태진(경상대학교)", "조재민(경상대학교)", "서지현(경상대학교)", "윤희상(경상대학교)" ]	Meckel diverticulum (MD) is one of the most common congenital gastrointestinal anomalies and occurs in 1.2-2% of the general population. MD usually presents with massive painless rectal bleeding, intestinal obstruction or in-flammation in children and adults. Suppurative Meckel diverticulitis is uncommon in children. An experience is de-scribed of a 3-year-old girl with suppurative inflammation in a tip of MD. She complained of acute colicky abdominal pain, vomiting and periumbilical erythema. Laparoscopic surgery found a relatively long MD with necrotic and flu-id-filled cystic end, which was attatched to abdominal wall caused by inflammation. Herein, we report an interesting and unusual case of a suppurative Meckel diverticulitis presenting as periumbilical cellulitis in a child. Because of its varied presentations, MD might always be considered as one of the differential diagonosis.	Meckel diverticulum (MD) is one of the most common congenital gastrointestinal anomalies and occurs in 1.2-2% of the general population. MD usually presents with massive painless rectal bleeding, intestinal obstruction or in-flammation in children and adults. Suppurative Meckel diverticulitis is uncommon in children. An experience is de-scribed of a 3-year-old girl with suppurative inflammation in a tip of MD. She complained of acute colicky abdominal pain, vomiting and periumbilical erythema. Laparoscopic surgery found a relatively long MD with necrotic and flu-id-filled cystic end, which was attatched to abdominal wall caused by inflammation. Herein, we report an interesting and unusual case of a suppurative Meckel diverticulitis presenting as periumbilical cellulitis in a child. Because of its varied presentations, MD might always be considered as one of the differential diagonosis.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973896	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973897	oai_kci	The Complex Surgical Management of the First Case of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and Multiple Intestinal Atresias Surviving after the Fourth Year of Life	The Complex Surgical Management of the First Case of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and Multiple Intestinal Atresias Surviving after the Fourth Year of Life	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "Riccardo Guanà(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Salvatore Garofano(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Elisabetta Teruzzi(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Simona Vinardi(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Giulia Carbonaro(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Alessia Cerrina(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Isabella Morra(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Davide Montin(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Alessandro Mussa(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Jürgen Schleef(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)" ]	Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a life-threatening syndrome of recurrent infections and gastrointestinal alterations due to severe compromise of T cells and B cells. Clinically, most patients present symptoms before the age of 3 months and without intervention SCID usually results in severe infections and death by the age of 2 years. Its association with intestinal anomalies as multiple intestinal atresias (MIA) is rare and worsens the prognosis, resulting lethal. We describe the case of a four year-old boy with SCID-MIA. He presented at birth with meconium peritonitis, multiple ileal atresias and underwent several intestinal resections. A targeted Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous 4-bp deletion (c.313ΔTATC; p.Y105fs) in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A). He experienced surgical procedures including resection and stricturoplasty. Despite parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease, the patient is surviving at the time of writing the report. Precocious immune system assessment, scrutiny of TTC7A mutations and prompt surgical procedures are crucial in the management.	Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a life-threatening syndrome of recurrent infections and gastrointestinal alterations due to severe compromise of T cells and B cells. Clinically, most patients present symptoms before the age of 3 months and without intervention SCID usually results in severe infections and death by the age of 2 years. Its association with intestinal anomalies as multiple intestinal atresias (MIA) is rare and worsens the prognosis, resulting lethal. We describe the case of a four year-old boy with SCID-MIA. He presented at birth with meconium peritonitis, multiple ileal atresias and underwent several intestinal resections. A targeted Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous 4-bp deletion (c.313ΔTATC; p.Y105fs) in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A). He experienced surgical procedures including resection and stricturoplasty. Despite parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease, the patient is surviving at the time of writing the report. Precocious immune system assessment, scrutiny of TTC7A mutations and prompt surgical procedures are crucial in the management.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973897	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973892	oai_kci	Laboratory Markers Indicating Gastrointestinal Involvement of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Children	Laboratory Markers Indicating Gastrointestinal Involvement of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Children	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "홍지나(Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon)", "양혜란(서울대학교)" ]	Purpose: To determine clinically useful biochemical markers reflecting disease activity and/or gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Methods: A total of 185 children with HSP and 130 controls were included. Laboratory data indicating inflammation, standard coagulation, and activated coagulation were analyzed for the HSP patients, including measurements of the hemoglobin level, white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen, D-dimer, and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels. The clinical scores of the skin, joints, abdomen, and kidneys were assessed during the acute and convalescence phases of HSP.Results: The WBC count, ANC, ESR, and CRP, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and FDP levels were significantly higher in the acute phase compared with the convalescent phase of HSP (p<0.05). The total clinical scores were more strongly correlated with the D-dimer (r=0.371, p<0.001) and FDP (r=0.369, p<0.001) levels than with inflammatory markers, such as the WBC count (r=0.241, p=0.001), ANC (r=0.261, p<0.001), and CRP (r=0.260, p<0.001) levels. The pa-tients with GI symptoms had significantly higher ANC (median [interquartile range], 7,138.0 [4,446.4-9,470.0] vs. 5,534.1 [3,263.0-8,153.5], p<0.05) and CRP (0.49 [0.15-1.38] vs. 0.23 [0.01-0.67], p<0.05), D-dimer (2.63 [1.20-4.09] vs. 1.75 [0.62-3.39]), and FDP (7.10 [0.01-13.65] vs. 0.10 [0.01-7.90], p<0.05) levels than those without GI symptoms.Conclusion: D-dimer and FDPs are more strongly associated with disease activity and more consistently reflect GI involvement than inflammatory markers during the acute phase of HSP.	Purpose: To determine clinically useful biochemical markers reflecting disease activity and/or gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Methods: A total of 185 children with HSP and 130 controls were included. Laboratory data indicating inflammation, standard coagulation, and activated coagulation were analyzed for the HSP patients, including measurements of the hemoglobin level, white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen, D-dimer, and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels. The clinical scores of the skin, joints, abdomen, and kidneys were assessed during the acute and convalescence phases of HSP.Results: The WBC count, ANC, ESR, and CRP, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and FDP levels were significantly higher in the acute phase compared with the convalescent phase of HSP (p<0.05). The total clinical scores were more strongly correlated with the D-dimer (r=0.371, p<0.001) and FDP (r=0.369, p<0.001) levels than with inflammatory markers, such as the WBC count (r=0.241, p=0.001), ANC (r=0.261, p<0.001), and CRP (r=0.260, p<0.001) levels. The pa-tients with GI symptoms had significantly higher ANC (median [interquartile range], 7,138.0 [4,446.4-9,470.0] vs. 5,534.1 [3,263.0-8,153.5], p<0.05) and CRP (0.49 [0.15-1.38] vs. 0.23 [0.01-0.67], p<0.05), D-dimer (2.63 [1.20-4.09] vs. 1.75 [0.62-3.39]), and FDP (7.10 [0.01-13.65] vs. 0.10 [0.01-7.90], p<0.05) levels than those without GI symptoms.Conclusion: D-dimer and FDPs are more strongly associated with disease activity and more consistently reflect GI involvement than inflammatory markers during the acute phase of HSP.	null	2	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973892	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973887	oai_kci	How to Improve Eating Behaviour during Early Childhood	How to Improve Eating Behaviour during Early Childhood	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "Robin John Green(University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa)", "Gamal Samy Aly(Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt)", "Mohamad Saleh Miqdady(Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi)", "Mohamed Salah(Dubai, United Arab Emirates)", "Rola Sleiman(Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)", "Hatim Mohamed Ahmed Abdelrahman(Cornell Medical College and Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar)", "Fatima Al Haddad(Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain)", "Mona M. Reda(Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt)", "Humphrey Lewis(Wyeth Nutrition, Dubai, United Arab Emirates)", "Emmanuel E. Ekanem(University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria)", "Yvan Vandenplas(Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium)" ]	Eating behaviour disorder during early childhood is a common pediatric problem. Many terminologies have been used interchangeably to describe this condition, hindering implementation of therapy and confusing a common problem. The definition suggests an eating behaviour which has consequences for family harmony and growth. The recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition does not cover the entire spectrum seen by pediatricians. Publications are substantive but level of evidence is most of the time low. This purpose of this review is to clarify terminology of eating behaviour problems during early childhood; including benign picky eating, limited diets, sensory food aversion, selective eating, food avoidance emotional disorder, pervasive refusal syndrome, tac-tile defensiveness, functional dysphagia, neophobia and toddler anorexia. This tool is proposed only to ease the clinical management for child care providers. Diagnostic criteria are set and management tools are suggested. The role of dietary counselling and, where necessary, behavioural therapy is clarified. It is hoped that the condition will make its way into mainstream pediatrics to allow these children, and their families, to receive the help they deserve.	Eating behaviour disorder during early childhood is a common pediatric problem. Many terminologies have been used interchangeably to describe this condition, hindering implementation of therapy and confusing a common problem. The definition suggests an eating behaviour which has consequences for family harmony and growth. The recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition does not cover the entire spectrum seen by pediatricians. Publications are substantive but level of evidence is most of the time low. This purpose of this review is to clarify terminology of eating behaviour problems during early childhood; including benign picky eating, limited diets, sensory food aversion, selective eating, food avoidance emotional disorder, pervasive refusal syndrome, tac-tile defensiveness, functional dysphagia, neophobia and toddler anorexia. This tool is proposed only to ease the clinical management for child care providers. Diagnostic criteria are set and management tools are suggested. The role of dietary counselling and, where necessary, behavioural therapy is clarified. It is hoped that the condition will make its way into mainstream pediatrics to allow these children, and their families, to receive the help they deserve.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973887	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973888	oai_kci	Changing Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infections in Korean Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain	Changing Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infections in Korean Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "장경미(경북대학교)", "최병호(경북대학교)", "최재영(경북대학교)", "Suk Jin Hong(Kyungpook National University)", "Hyo Jung Park(Kyungpook National University)", "Mi Ae Chu(Kyungpook National University)", "Seung Man Cho(Kyungpook National University)", "Jungmi Kim(Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine)" ]	Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the changing prevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in children, of different age groups, with recurrent abdominal pain over a 10-year period. Methods: Children with recurrent abdominal pain who visited the pediatric outpatient clinic at university hospital were screened for H. pylori. Children were divided into 3 age categories of 4-5, 6-11, and 12-16 years. To study the changes in the annual prevalence rates of H. pylori infection, the study period was divided into 3 time periods: 2004-2007, 2008-2010, and 2011-2014. Urea breath test was performed for all children aged 4-16 years, with a cut-off value of 4.0‰ for children aged ≥6 years and 7‰ for children aged ＜6 years.Results: A total of 2,530 children (1,191 boys) with a mean age of 10.0±3.0 years (range, 4.0-16.9 years) were included in the study. The total prevalence of H. pylori infection was 7.4% (187/2,530). The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain was 8.0% (70/873) in 2004-2007, 7.7% (51/666) in 2008-2010, and 6.7% (66/991) in the 2011-2014. Nevertheless, a significant difference was observed in the prevalence rate between chil-dren ＜12 years old and ≥12 years of age (p=0.018). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Korean children with recurrent abdominal pain was 7.4%, showing no significant decrease in the last 11 years; however, the prevalence rate in children ＜12 years old was significantly lower than that in those ≥12 years old.	Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the changing prevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in children, of different age groups, with recurrent abdominal pain over a 10-year period. Methods: Children with recurrent abdominal pain who visited the pediatric outpatient clinic at university hospital were screened for H. pylori. Children were divided into 3 age categories of 4-5, 6-11, and 12-16 years. To study the changes in the annual prevalence rates of H. pylori infection, the study period was divided into 3 time periods: 2004-2007, 2008-2010, and 2011-2014. Urea breath test was performed for all children aged 4-16 years, with a cut-off value of 4.0‰ for children aged ≥6 years and 7‰ for children aged ＜6 years.Results: A total of 2,530 children (1,191 boys) with a mean age of 10.0±3.0 years (range, 4.0-16.9 years) were included in the study. The total prevalence of H. pylori infection was 7.4% (187/2,530). The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain was 8.0% (70/873) in 2004-2007, 7.7% (51/666) in 2008-2010, and 6.7% (66/991) in the 2011-2014. Nevertheless, a significant difference was observed in the prevalence rate between chil-dren ＜12 years old and ≥12 years of age (p=0.018). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Korean children with recurrent abdominal pain was 7.4%, showing no significant decrease in the last 11 years; however, the prevalence rate in children ＜12 years old was significantly lower than that in those ≥12 years old.	null	6	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973888	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973889	oai_kci	The Efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in Addition to Standard Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment in Children	The Efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in Addition to Standard Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment in Children	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "Zhang Bin(Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China)", "Xu Ya-Zheng(Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China)", "Deng Zhao-Hui(Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China)", "Chu Bo(Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China)", "Jiang Li-Rong(Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China)", "Yvan Vandenplas(Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium)" ]	Purpose: This study aims to investigate Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 during Helicobacter pylori eradication in children. Methods: One hundred ninety-four H. pylori positive children were randomized in two groups. Therapy (omepra-zole+clarithromycin+amoxicillin or omeprazole+clarithromycin+metronidazole in case of penicillin allergy) was given to both groups during two weeks. In the treatment group (n: 102) S. boulardii was added to the triple therapy, while the control group (n: 92) only received triple therapy. The incidence, onset, duration and severity of diarrhea and com-pliance to the eradication treatment were compared. A 13C urea breath test was done 4 weeks after the end of eradication therapy in two groups of 21 patients aged 12 years and older to test the H. pylori eradication rate. Results: In the treatment group, diarrhea occurred in 12 cases (11.76%), starting after 6.25±1.24 days, lasting 3.17±1.08 days, and compliance to eradication treatment was 100%. In the control group, diarrhea occurred in 26 cases (28.26%), starting after 4.05±1.11 days, lasting 4.02±0.87 days, and in six cases eradication treatment was stopped prematurely (p＜0.05). The 13C urea breath test showed successful H. pylori eradication in 71.4% of the patients in the treatment and in 61.9 % in the control group (not significant). Conclusion: S. boulardii has a beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of diarrhea during H. pylori eradication in children. Although S. boulardii did only slightly increase H. pylori eradication rate, compliance to eradication treat-ment was improved.	Purpose: This study aims to investigate Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 during Helicobacter pylori eradication in children. Methods: One hundred ninety-four H. pylori positive children were randomized in two groups. Therapy (omepra-zole+clarithromycin+amoxicillin or omeprazole+clarithromycin+metronidazole in case of penicillin allergy) was given to both groups during two weeks. In the treatment group (n: 102) S. boulardii was added to the triple therapy, while the control group (n: 92) only received triple therapy. The incidence, onset, duration and severity of diarrhea and com-pliance to the eradication treatment were compared. A 13C urea breath test was done 4 weeks after the end of eradication therapy in two groups of 21 patients aged 12 years and older to test the H. pylori eradication rate. Results: In the treatment group, diarrhea occurred in 12 cases (11.76%), starting after 6.25±1.24 days, lasting 3.17±1.08 days, and compliance to eradication treatment was 100%. In the control group, diarrhea occurred in 26 cases (28.26%), starting after 4.05±1.11 days, lasting 4.02±0.87 days, and in six cases eradication treatment was stopped prematurely (p＜0.05). The 13C urea breath test showed successful H. pylori eradication in 71.4% of the patients in the treatment and in 61.9 % in the control group (not significant). Conclusion: S. boulardii has a beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of diarrhea during H. pylori eradication in children. Although S. boulardii did only slightly increase H. pylori eradication rate, compliance to eradication treat-ment was improved.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973889	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973890	oai_kci	Clinical Characteristics of Celiac Disease and Dietary Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet among Saudi Children	Clinical Characteristics of Celiac Disease and Dietary Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet among Saudi Children	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "Ahmed Al Sarkhy(King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)", "Mohammad I. El Mouzan(King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)", "Elshazaly Saeed(King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)", "Aziz Alanazi(National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)", "Sharifa Alghamdi(King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)", "Shirin Anil and Asaad Assiri(King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)" ]	Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics of celiac disease (CD) among Saudi children and to determine the adherence rate to gluten free diet (GFD) and its determinant factors among them.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which all the families registered in the Saudi Celiac Patients Support Group were sent an online survey. Only families with children 18 years of age and younger with biopsy-con-firmed CD were included.Results: The median age of the 113 included children was 9.9 years, the median age at symptom onset was 5.5 years and the median age at diagnosis was 7 years, the median time between the presentation and the final diagnosis was 1 year. Sixty two of the involved children were females. Ninety two percent of the patients were symptomatic at the diagnosis while eight percent were asymptomatic. The commonest presenting symptoms included: chronic abdominal pain (59.3%), poor weight gain (54%), abdominal distention, gases, bloating (46.1%) and chronic diarrhea (41.6%). Sixty percent of the involved children were reported to be strictly adherent to GFD. Younger age at diagnosis and shorter duration since the diagnosis were associated with a better adherence rate. Conclusion: CD has similar clinical presentations among Saudi children compared to other parts of the ward; however, the adherence to GFD is relatively poor. Younger age at diagnosis and shorter duration since the diagnosis were associated with a better adherence rate.	Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics of celiac disease (CD) among Saudi children and to determine the adherence rate to gluten free diet (GFD) and its determinant factors among them.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which all the families registered in the Saudi Celiac Patients Support Group were sent an online survey. Only families with children 18 years of age and younger with biopsy-con-firmed CD were included.Results: The median age of the 113 included children was 9.9 years, the median age at symptom onset was 5.5 years and the median age at diagnosis was 7 years, the median time between the presentation and the final diagnosis was 1 year. Sixty two of the involved children were females. Ninety two percent of the patients were symptomatic at the diagnosis while eight percent were asymptomatic. The commonest presenting symptoms included: chronic abdominal pain (59.3%), poor weight gain (54%), abdominal distention, gases, bloating (46.1%) and chronic diarrhea (41.6%). Sixty percent of the involved children were reported to be strictly adherent to GFD. Younger age at diagnosis and shorter duration since the diagnosis were associated with a better adherence rate. Conclusion: CD has similar clinical presentations among Saudi children compared to other parts of the ward; however, the adherence to GFD is relatively poor. Younger age at diagnosis and shorter duration since the diagnosis were associated with a better adherence rate.	null	2	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973890	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973891	oai_kci	Availability of Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine Ratio in Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Melena in Children	Availability of Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine Ratio in Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Melena in Children	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "Kyu Seon Kim(Chungnam National University)", "Chan Ho Kang(Chungnam National University)", "Jae Young Kim(Chungnam National University School of Medicine)" ]	Purpose: The aims of our study were to evaluate the blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr ratio) for dis-tinguishing between an upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), and differentiating between the two most common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) presenting with melena in children.Methods: Retrospective data of patients with GIB presenting with melena were analyzed. The data from 60 cases were reviewed including demographics, laboratory findings, diagnostic modalities and results, treatments, and transfusions.Results: Among the 60 cases, UGIB and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) were found in 35 cases (58.3%) and 14 cases (23.3%), respectively. The two common causes of UGIB were varices (37.1%), and peptic ulcer dis-eases (PUD) (31.4%). The BUN/Cr ratio of 30 or greater was higher in UGIB than LGIB (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.3-37.2). In UGIB, the BUN/Cr ratio of the varices group was higher than that of the PUD group (p=0.015). The OR for the BUN/Cr ratio appeared as 1.2 per unit increase in the varices group than the PUD group (95% CI, 1.03-1.3). There was no difference between the PUD group and Meckel’s diverticulum group.Conclusion: The BUN/Cr ratio was not uneven in differentiating UGIB from LGIB of children with melena in our study. This suggests that BUN/Cr ratio should be interpreted carefully.	Purpose: The aims of our study were to evaluate the blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr ratio) for dis-tinguishing between an upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), and differentiating between the two most common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) presenting with melena in children.Methods: Retrospective data of patients with GIB presenting with melena were analyzed. The data from 60 cases were reviewed including demographics, laboratory findings, diagnostic modalities and results, treatments, and transfusions.Results: Among the 60 cases, UGIB and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) were found in 35 cases (58.3%) and 14 cases (23.3%), respectively. The two common causes of UGIB were varices (37.1%), and peptic ulcer dis-eases (PUD) (31.4%). The BUN/Cr ratio of 30 or greater was higher in UGIB than LGIB (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.3-37.2). In UGIB, the BUN/Cr ratio of the varices group was higher than that of the PUD group (p=0.015). The OR for the BUN/Cr ratio appeared as 1.2 per unit increase in the varices group than the PUD group (95% CI, 1.03-1.3). There was no difference between the PUD group and Meckel’s diverticulum group.Conclusion: The BUN/Cr ratio was not uneven in differentiating UGIB from LGIB of children with melena in our study. This suggests that BUN/Cr ratio should be interpreted carefully.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973891	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973893	oai_kci	Liver Transplantation for Metabolic Liver Disease: Experience at a Living Donor Dominant Liver Transplantation Center	Liver Transplantation for Metabolic Liver Disease: Experience at a Living Donor Dominant Liver Transplantation Center	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "김준석(서울아산병원)", "김경모(울산대학교)", "오석희(울산대학교 의학과)", "김현진(울산대학교)", "조진민(울산대학교 의학과)", "유한욱(울산대학교)", "남궁정만(울산대학교)", "김대연(아산어린이병원)", "김기훈(울산대학교)", "황신(울산대학교)", "이승규(울산대학교)" ]	Purpose: Metabolic liver disease (MLD) often progresses to life-threatening conditions. This study intends to describe the outcomes of liver transplantation (LTx) for MLD at a living donor-dominant transplantation center where potentially heterozygous carrier grafts are employed. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 54 patients with MLD who underwent LTx between November 1995 and February 2012 at Asan Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. The cumulative graft and patient survival rates were analyzed according to patient age, and living or deceased donor LTx. Recurrence of the original disease was also investigated.Results: The post-transplant cumulative patient survival rates at one, five, and 10 years were 90.7%, 87.5% and 87.5%, and the graft survival rates were 88.8%, 85.5%, and 85.5%, respectively. There were no differences in the patient survival rates according to the recipient age, human leukocyte antigen matching, and living or deceased donor LTx. There were also no differences in the patient survival rates between the MLD and the non-MLD groups for children. Recurrence of the original metabolic disease was not observed in any patient during the follow-up period.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the living donor-dominant transplantation program is well-tolerated in MLD with-out recurrence of the original MLD using all types of transplantation.	Purpose: Metabolic liver disease (MLD) often progresses to life-threatening conditions. This study intends to describe the outcomes of liver transplantation (LTx) for MLD at a living donor-dominant transplantation center where potentially heterozygous carrier grafts are employed. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 54 patients with MLD who underwent LTx between November 1995 and February 2012 at Asan Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. The cumulative graft and patient survival rates were analyzed according to patient age, and living or deceased donor LTx. Recurrence of the original disease was also investigated.Results: The post-transplant cumulative patient survival rates at one, five, and 10 years were 90.7%, 87.5% and 87.5%, and the graft survival rates were 88.8%, 85.5%, and 85.5%, respectively. There were no differences in the patient survival rates according to the recipient age, human leukocyte antigen matching, and living or deceased donor LTx. There were also no differences in the patient survival rates between the MLD and the non-MLD groups for children. Recurrence of the original metabolic disease was not observed in any patient during the follow-up period.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the living donor-dominant transplantation program is well-tolerated in MLD with-out recurrence of the original MLD using all types of transplantation.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973893	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001973894	oai_kci	Achalasia Previously Diagnosed as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease by Relying on Esophageal Impedance-pH Monitoring: Use of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry in Children	Achalasia Previously Diagnosed as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease by Relying on Esophageal Impedance-pH Monitoring: Use of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry in Children	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2015", "pub_month": "03", "volume": "18", "issue": "1" }	[ "Jung Eun Pyun(Korea University)", "Da Min Choi(Korea University)", "이정화(고려대학교)", "Kee Hwan Yoo(Korea University Medical Center)", "심정옥(고려대학교)" ]	Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) is the most common esophageal disorder in children. Achalasia occurs less commonly but has similar symptoms to GERD. A nine-year old boy presented with vomiting, heartburn, and nocturnal cough. The esophageal impedance-pH monitor revealed nonacidic GERD (all-refluxate clearance percent time of 20.9%). His symptoms persisted despite medical treatment for GERD, and he was lost to follow up. Four years later, he presented with heartburn, solid-food dysphagia, daily post-prandial vomiting, and failure to thrive. Endoscopy showed a severely dilated esophagus with candidiasis. High-resolution manometry was performed, and he was diagnosed with classic achalasia (also known as type I). His symptoms resolved after two pneumatic dilatation procedures, and his weight and height began to catch up to his peers. Clinicians might consider using high-resolution manometry in children with atypical GERD even after evaluation with an impedance-pH monitor.	Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) is the most common esophageal disorder in children. Achalasia occurs less commonly but has similar symptoms to GERD. A nine-year old boy presented with vomiting, heartburn, and nocturnal cough. The esophageal impedance-pH monitor revealed nonacidic GERD (all-refluxate clearance percent time of 20.9%). His symptoms persisted despite medical treatment for GERD, and he was lost to follow up. Four years later, he presented with heartburn, solid-food dysphagia, daily post-prandial vomiting, and failure to thrive. Endoscopy showed a severely dilated esophagus with candidiasis. High-resolution manometry was performed, and he was diagnosed with classic achalasia (also known as type I). His symptoms resolved after two pneumatic dilatation procedures, and his weight and height began to catch up to his peers. Clinicians might consider using high-resolution manometry in children with atypical GERD even after evaluation with an impedance-pH monitor.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001973894	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001919675	oai_kci	Nutritional State of Children in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK): Based on the DPRK Final Report ofthe National Nutrition Survey 2012	Nutritional State of Children in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK): Based on the DPRK Final Report ofthe National Nutrition Survey 2012	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "17", "issue": "3" }	[ "김정은(신천연합병원)" ]	A nationwide nutrition survey began when the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) requested assistance from international relief organizations in 1997 due to flooding in 1995-1996, followed by the worsening food shortage peak in 1997. According to reported data for the 15 years since the active intervention and assistance from interna-tional societies, the malnutrition and mortality rates of children in the DPRK have improved. However, the prevalence of the stunting reported in the latest 2012 report is 27.9%, which is still a moderate−severe level, and worrisome in terms of international standards. In particular, the prevalence in Ryangangdo, which is regarded as the worst region in the DPRK, is 39.6%, which is a very high level of stunting. To alleviate such regional deviation will be a major task for future assistance. In addition, one cannot emphasize too highly the importance of early nutritional assistance for pregnant women and infants, considering that the recovery from stunted growth is low after two years of age, and the aftereffects would continue for the rest of their lives.	A nationwide nutrition survey began when the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) requested assistance from international relief organizations in 1997 due to flooding in 1995-1996, followed by the worsening food shortage peak in 1997. According to reported data for the 15 years since the active intervention and assistance from interna-tional societies, the malnutrition and mortality rates of children in the DPRK have improved. However, the prevalence of the stunting reported in the latest 2012 report is 27.9%, which is still a moderate−severe level, and worrisome in terms of international standards. In particular, the prevalence in Ryangangdo, which is regarded as the worst region in the DPRK, is 39.6%, which is a very high level of stunting. To alleviate such regional deviation will be a major task for future assistance. In addition, one cannot emphasize too highly the importance of early nutritional assistance for pregnant women and infants, considering that the recovery from stunted growth is low after two years of age, and the aftereffects would continue for the rest of their lives.	null	2	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001919675	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001919676	oai_kci	High Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and Norovirus Gastroenteritis in Infancy: A Single-Center, 1-Year Experience	High Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and Norovirus Gastroenteritis in Infancy: A Single-Center, 1-Year Experience	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "17", "issue": "3" }	[ "성경(부산대학교)", "김지용(부산대학교)", "이연주(부산대학교)", "황은하(부산대학교 의학전문대학원 소아청소년과학교실)", "박재홍(부산대학교)" ]	Purpose: The etiology of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) has changed since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccination. The aim of this study was to clarify which common pathogens, both bacterial and viral, are currently causing AGE in infants. Methods: Infants with acute diarrhea were enrolled. We tested for 10 bacterial pathogens and five viral pathogens in stool specimens collected from infants with AGE. The clinical symptoms such as vomiting, mucoid or bloody diarrhea, dehydration, irritability, and poor oral intake were recorded, and laboratory data such as white blood cell count and C-reactive protein were collected. The clinical and laboratory data for the cases with bacterial pathogens and the cases with viral pathogens were compared. Results: Of 41 total infants, 21 (51.2%) were positive for at least one pathogen. Seventeen cases (41.5%) were positive for bacterial pathogens and seven cases (17.1%) were positive for viral pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus (13 cases, 31.7%) and Clostridium perfringens (four cases, 9.8%) were common bacterial pathogens. Norovirus (five cases, 12.2%) was the most common viral pathogen. Fever and respiratory symptoms were common in the isolated viral infection group (p=0.023 and 0.044, respectively), whereas other clinical and laboratory data were indistinguishable between the groups. Conclusion: In our study, S. aureus (41.5%) and norovirus (12.2%) were the most common bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively, among infants with AGE.	Purpose: The etiology of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) has changed since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccination. The aim of this study was to clarify which common pathogens, both bacterial and viral, are currently causing AGE in infants. Methods: Infants with acute diarrhea were enrolled. We tested for 10 bacterial pathogens and five viral pathogens in stool specimens collected from infants with AGE. The clinical symptoms such as vomiting, mucoid or bloody diarrhea, dehydration, irritability, and poor oral intake were recorded, and laboratory data such as white blood cell count and C-reactive protein were collected. The clinical and laboratory data for the cases with bacterial pathogens and the cases with viral pathogens were compared. Results: Of 41 total infants, 21 (51.2%) were positive for at least one pathogen. Seventeen cases (41.5%) were positive for bacterial pathogens and seven cases (17.1%) were positive for viral pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus (13 cases, 31.7%) and Clostridium perfringens (four cases, 9.8%) were common bacterial pathogens. Norovirus (five cases, 12.2%) was the most common viral pathogen. Fever and respiratory symptoms were common in the isolated viral infection group (p=0.023 and 0.044, respectively), whereas other clinical and laboratory data were indistinguishable between the groups. Conclusion: In our study, S. aureus (41.5%) and norovirus (12.2%) were the most common bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively, among infants with AGE.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001919676	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001919677	oai_kci	Gender Differences in Paediatric Patients of the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study	Gender Differences in Paediatric Patients of the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "17", "issue": "3" }	[ "Denise Herzog(Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Paedia)", "Patrick Buehr(University Children’s Hospital Zurich)", "Rebekka Koller(University Children’s Hospital Zurich)", "Vanessa Rueger(University Children’s Hospital Zurich)", "Klaas Heyland(University Children’s Hospital Zurich)", "Andreas Nydegger(University Children’s Hospital of Lausanne)", "Johannes Spalinger(Children’s Hospital of Lucerne)", "Susanne Schibli(University Children’s Hospital of Bern)", "Christian P. Braegger(University Children’s Hospital Zurich)", "The Swiss IBD Cohort Study Group (The Swiss IBD Cohort Study Group)" ]	Purpose: Gender differences in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are frequently reported as a secondary outcome and the results are divergent. To assess gender differences by analysing data collected within the Swiss IBD cohort study database since 2008, related to children with IBD, using the Montreal classification for a systematic approach. Methods: Data on gender, age, anthropometrics, disease location at diagnosis, disease behaviour, and therapy of 196 patients, 105 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 91 with ulcerative or indeterminate colitis (UC/IC) were retrieved and analysed. Results: The crude gender ratio (male : female) of patients with CD diagnosed at ＜10 years of age was 2.57, the adjusted ratio was 2.42, and in patients with UC/IC it was 0.68 and 0.64 respectively. The non-adjusted gender ratio of patients diagnosed at ≥10 years was 1.58 for CD and 0.88 for UC/IC. Boys with UC/IC diagnosed ＜10 years of age had a longer diagnostic delay, and in girls diagnosed with UC/IC ＞10 years a more important use of azathioprine was observed. No other gender difference was found after analysis of age, disease location and behaviour at diagnosis, duration of disease, familial occurrence of IBD, prevalence of extra-intestinal manifestations, complications, and requirement for surgery. Conclusion: CD in children ＜10 years affects predominantly boys with a sex ratio of 2.57; the impact of sex-hormones on the development of CD in pre-pubertal male patients should be investigated.	Purpose: Gender differences in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are frequently reported as a secondary outcome and the results are divergent. To assess gender differences by analysing data collected within the Swiss IBD cohort study database since 2008, related to children with IBD, using the Montreal classification for a systematic approach. Methods: Data on gender, age, anthropometrics, disease location at diagnosis, disease behaviour, and therapy of 196 patients, 105 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 91 with ulcerative or indeterminate colitis (UC/IC) were retrieved and analysed. Results: The crude gender ratio (male : female) of patients with CD diagnosed at ＜10 years of age was 2.57, the adjusted ratio was 2.42, and in patients with UC/IC it was 0.68 and 0.64 respectively. The non-adjusted gender ratio of patients diagnosed at ≥10 years was 1.58 for CD and 0.88 for UC/IC. Boys with UC/IC diagnosed ＜10 years of age had a longer diagnostic delay, and in girls diagnosed with UC/IC ＞10 years a more important use of azathioprine was observed. No other gender difference was found after analysis of age, disease location and behaviour at diagnosis, duration of disease, familial occurrence of IBD, prevalence of extra-intestinal manifestations, complications, and requirement for surgery. Conclusion: CD in children ＜10 years affects predominantly boys with a sex ratio of 2.57; the impact of sex-hormones on the development of CD in pre-pubertal male patients should be investigated.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001919677	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001919678	oai_kci	Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Constipation in South Jordan	Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Constipation in South Jordan	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "17", "issue": "3" }	[ "Eyad Altamimi(Mu`tah University)" ]	Purpose: Constipation is a common pediatric problem worldwide. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of pediatric constipation in south Jordan according to gender and age group. Methods: All patients with constipation managed at our pediatric gastroenterology service between September 2009 and December 2012 were included. Hospital charts were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and final diagnosis were recorded. Data were analyzed according to gender and the following age groups: infants, pre-school, school age, and adolescents. Results: During the study period, 126 patients were enrolled. The number (percentage) of patients according to age were the following infants: 43 (34.1%), pre-school: 55 (43.7%), school age: 25 (19.8%), and adolescents: 3 (2.4%). Males made up 54.8% of the study population. There were no statistical gender differences in any age group. The most common symptom in all age groups was dry, hard stool. Infrequent defecation was found in almost one-half of the patients. Fecal incontinence was more common in school-aged children compared to pre-school-aged children and adolescents. Abdominal pain was seen in almost 40% of the constipated children. Abdominal pain was more prevalent in girls and older children. Fecal mass in the rectum was the most common physical finding, with constipated boys exhibiting higher rates. Functional constipation was the most common etiology. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics of constipation in children vary according to age group and gender. Older children had less frequent bowel motions, a longer duration of symptoms, and a higher prevalence of long-standing constipation compilations (fecal incontinence and abdominal pain).	Purpose: Constipation is a common pediatric problem worldwide. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of pediatric constipation in south Jordan according to gender and age group. Methods: All patients with constipation managed at our pediatric gastroenterology service between September 2009 and December 2012 were included. Hospital charts were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and final diagnosis were recorded. Data were analyzed according to gender and the following age groups: infants, pre-school, school age, and adolescents. Results: During the study period, 126 patients were enrolled. The number (percentage) of patients according to age were the following infants: 43 (34.1%), pre-school: 55 (43.7%), school age: 25 (19.8%), and adolescents: 3 (2.4%). Males made up 54.8% of the study population. There were no statistical gender differences in any age group. The most common symptom in all age groups was dry, hard stool. Infrequent defecation was found in almost one-half of the patients. Fecal incontinence was more common in school-aged children compared to pre-school-aged children and adolescents. Abdominal pain was seen in almost 40% of the constipated children. Abdominal pain was more prevalent in girls and older children. Fecal mass in the rectum was the most common physical finding, with constipated boys exhibiting higher rates. Functional constipation was the most common etiology. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics of constipation in children vary according to age group and gender. Older children had less frequent bowel motions, a longer duration of symptoms, and a higher prevalence of long-standing constipation compilations (fecal incontinence and abdominal pain).	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001919678	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001919679	oai_kci	Serum Liver Enzyme Pattern in Birth Asphyxia Associated Liver Injury	Serum Liver Enzyme Pattern in Birth Asphyxia Associated Liver Injury	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "17", "issue": "3" }	[ "Nanda Chhavi(Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences)", "Kiran Zutshi(Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences)", "Niranjan Kumar Singh(Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences)", "Ashish Awasthi(Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences)", "Amit Goel(Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences)" ]	Purpose: To study temporal pattern of serum liver enzymes levels in newborns with hepatic injury associated with birth asphyxia (BA). Methods: Singleton term newborns with BA and ≤72 hours of age admitted to neonatal intensive care unit were prospectively enrolled. Term newborns with physiological jaundice and without BA were studied as controls. Serum liver enzymes were measured at ＜24 hours, 24-72 hours, and at 6-12 days of age for cases and at 1-6 days of age for controls. BA was defined by 1 minute Apgar score ＜7 or delayed or absent cry with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. BA-associated liver injury was defined as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation beyond +2 standard deviation (ALT > +2 SD) above the mean of control subjects at any of the three time points. Results: Sixty controls and 62 cases were enrolled. Thirty-five cases (56%) developed BA-associated liver injury (ALT＞81 IU/L). They had higher serum levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase than the control infants, with peak at 24-72 hours. In controls, serum liver enzyme levels were significantly higher in appropriate- for-date (AFD) babies than small-for-date (SFD) babies. Serum enzyme pattern and extent of elevation were comparable between SFD and AFD babies. Degree of serum liver enzyme elevation had no relationship with severity of hypoxic encephalopathy. Conclusion: Serum liver enzyme elevation is common in BA; it peaks at 24-72 hours followed by a sharp decline by 6-12 days of age. Pattern and extent of enzyme elevation are comparable between SFD and AFD babies.	Purpose: To study temporal pattern of serum liver enzymes levels in newborns with hepatic injury associated with birth asphyxia (BA). Methods: Singleton term newborns with BA and ≤72 hours of age admitted to neonatal intensive care unit were prospectively enrolled. Term newborns with physiological jaundice and without BA were studied as controls. Serum liver enzymes were measured at ＜24 hours, 24-72 hours, and at 6-12 days of age for cases and at 1-6 days of age for controls. BA was defined by 1 minute Apgar score ＜7 or delayed or absent cry with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. BA-associated liver injury was defined as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation beyond +2 standard deviation (ALT > +2 SD) above the mean of control subjects at any of the three time points. Results: Sixty controls and 62 cases were enrolled. Thirty-five cases (56%) developed BA-associated liver injury (ALT＞81 IU/L). They had higher serum levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase than the control infants, with peak at 24-72 hours. In controls, serum liver enzyme levels were significantly higher in appropriate- for-date (AFD) babies than small-for-date (SFD) babies. Serum enzyme pattern and extent of elevation were comparable between SFD and AFD babies. Degree of serum liver enzyme elevation had no relationship with severity of hypoxic encephalopathy. Conclusion: Serum liver enzyme elevation is common in BA; it peaks at 24-72 hours followed by a sharp decline by 6-12 days of age. Pattern and extent of enzyme elevation are comparable between SFD and AFD babies.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001919679	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001919680	oai_kci	Relationship between Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Ductal Union and Pathologic Inflammation of Bile Duct in Choledochal Cyst	Relationship between Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Ductal Union and Pathologic Inflammation of Bile Duct in Choledochal Cyst	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "17", "issue": "3" }	[ "박소원(연세대학교)", "고홍(연세대학교)", "오정탁(연세대학교)", "한석주(연세대학교)", "김승(연세의료원)" ]	Purpose: Choledochal cyst is a cystic dilatation of common bile duct. Although the etiology is presently uncertain, anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union (APBDU) is thought to be a major etiology of choledochal cyst. In this study, we analyzed the clinical and anatomical characteristics and pathologies of patients diagnosed with chol-edochal cyst in a single institute for 25 years.Methods: A total of 113 patients, diagnosed with choledochal cyst and who received an operation in Severance Children’s Hospital from January 1988 to May 2013, were included. Medical records were reviewed, including clinical and demographic data, surgical procedures. Abdominal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatog-raphy, and intraoperative cholangiography were used as diagnostic tools for evaluation and classification of chol-edochal cyst and the presence of anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union. Todani’s classification, and relationship between APBDU and surgical pathology.Results: Among 113 patients, 77 patients (68.1%) presented symptoms such as hepatitis, pancreatitis and/or cholecystitis. Eighty three patients (73.5%) had APBDU, and 94 patients (83.2%) showed inflammatory pathologic changes. APBDU, pathologic inflammation, and serological abnormalities such as hepatitis or pancreatitis showed a statistically significant correlation to one another.Conclusion: APBDU is thought to be one of the etiologic factors of choledochal cyst. It is related to the inflammatory changes in bile duct that can lead to the cystic dilatation.	Purpose: Choledochal cyst is a cystic dilatation of common bile duct. Although the etiology is presently uncertain, anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union (APBDU) is thought to be a major etiology of choledochal cyst. In this study, we analyzed the clinical and anatomical characteristics and pathologies of patients diagnosed with chol-edochal cyst in a single institute for 25 years.Methods: A total of 113 patients, diagnosed with choledochal cyst and who received an operation in Severance Children’s Hospital from January 1988 to May 2013, were included. Medical records were reviewed, including clinical and demographic data, surgical procedures. Abdominal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatog-raphy, and intraoperative cholangiography were used as diagnostic tools for evaluation and classification of chol-edochal cyst and the presence of anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union. Todani’s classification, and relationship between APBDU and surgical pathology.Results: Among 113 patients, 77 patients (68.1%) presented symptoms such as hepatitis, pancreatitis and/or cholecystitis. Eighty three patients (73.5%) had APBDU, and 94 patients (83.2%) showed inflammatory pathologic changes. APBDU, pathologic inflammation, and serological abnormalities such as hepatitis or pancreatitis showed a statistically significant correlation to one another.Conclusion: APBDU is thought to be one of the etiologic factors of choledochal cyst. It is related to the inflammatory changes in bile duct that can lead to the cystic dilatation.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001919680	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001919681	oai_kci	The Status of Dietary Supplements Intake in Korean Preschool Children: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012	The Status of Dietary Supplements Intake in Korean Preschool Children: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "17", "issue": "3" }	[ "강동수(단국대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학교실)", "이건송(단국대학교)" ]	Purpose: The use of dietary supplements (DS) has increased in most nations. We investigated the amount of DS intake in the Korean population by analyzing a national survey, to support the preparation of a national institutional strategy regarding DS intake and marketing. Methods: The data of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (a year between 2010 and 2012) were investigated, analyzing the rate of DS intake, and the characteristics of the intake group and non-intake group in Korean preschool children. Results: The intake rate of DS was 49.0-54.2% (1,313,874-1,491,240) and 19.6-30.3% (250,603-421,922) in children from 1 to 6 years old and in those less than 1 year, respectively, from 2010 to 2012. The highest intake rate was observed in the age group of five. The mean age was significantly higher in the DS intake group than in the non-intake group. Intake of essential nutrients, minerals, and vitamins were also higher in the DS intake group. The level of family income was significantly associated with the intake rate (p＜0.001). In children less than 1 year, probiotics accounted for the highest intake of DS. Conclusion: Korean preschool children have high consumption of DS. Therefore, problems may arise from the waste of money purchasing unnecessary DS, and from the overuse of DS in preschoolers who do not require DS intake. We hope these results can be used to produce an appropriate national institutional strategy regarding DS intake and marketing.	Purpose: The use of dietary supplements (DS) has increased in most nations. We investigated the amount of DS intake in the Korean population by analyzing a national survey, to support the preparation of a national institutional strategy regarding DS intake and marketing. Methods: The data of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (a year between 2010 and 2012) were investigated, analyzing the rate of DS intake, and the characteristics of the intake group and non-intake group in Korean preschool children. Results: The intake rate of DS was 49.0-54.2% (1,313,874-1,491,240) and 19.6-30.3% (250,603-421,922) in children from 1 to 6 years old and in those less than 1 year, respectively, from 2010 to 2012. The highest intake rate was observed in the age group of five. The mean age was significantly higher in the DS intake group than in the non-intake group. Intake of essential nutrients, minerals, and vitamins were also higher in the DS intake group. The level of family income was significantly associated with the intake rate (p＜0.001). In children less than 1 year, probiotics accounted for the highest intake of DS. Conclusion: Korean preschool children have high consumption of DS. Therefore, problems may arise from the waste of money purchasing unnecessary DS, and from the overuse of DS in preschoolers who do not require DS intake. We hope these results can be used to produce an appropriate national institutional strategy regarding DS intake and marketing.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001919681	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001919682	oai_kci	Helicobacter pylori Associated Lymphocytic Gastritis in a Child	Helicobacter pylori Associated Lymphocytic Gastritis in a Child	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "17", "issue": "3" }	[ "김민정(울산대학교병원)", "엄대운(울산대학교)", "박기영(울산대학교)" ]	Lymphocytic gastritis (LG) is a rare subtype of chronic gastritis. It is defined as dense proliferation of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) more than 25 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells. The known major causes of LG are celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori associated LG (HpLG) has more enhanced cytotoxic and apoptotic tendencies than chronic H. pylori gastritis. A 12-year-old girl with postprandial epigastric pain was diagnosed HpLG on endoscopic biopsy. After the 1st eradication therapy, H. pylori bacilli were still found, and urea breathing test was positive. Although the endoscopic finding was partially improved, clinical symptoms and histologic finding were persisted. We could achieve the improvement of clinical symptoms and disappearance of IELs after the 2nd eradication. The discordant of histopathologic and endoscopic improvement occurred after the 1st eradication ther-apy of HpLG. Therefore the clinical and histopathologic evaluation should be considered as well as endoscopic findings.	Lymphocytic gastritis (LG) is a rare subtype of chronic gastritis. It is defined as dense proliferation of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) more than 25 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells. The known major causes of LG are celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori associated LG (HpLG) has more enhanced cytotoxic and apoptotic tendencies than chronic H. pylori gastritis. A 12-year-old girl with postprandial epigastric pain was diagnosed HpLG on endoscopic biopsy. After the 1st eradication therapy, H. pylori bacilli were still found, and urea breathing test was positive. Although the endoscopic finding was partially improved, clinical symptoms and histologic finding were persisted. We could achieve the improvement of clinical symptoms and disappearance of IELs after the 2nd eradication. The discordant of histopathologic and endoscopic improvement occurred after the 1st eradication ther-apy of HpLG. Therefore the clinical and histopathologic evaluation should be considered as well as endoscopic findings.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001919682	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001919683	oai_kci	Hemorrhagic Diathesis as the Presenting Symptom of Neonatal Cholestasis	Hemorrhagic Diathesis as the Presenting Symptom of Neonatal Cholestasis	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "17", "issue": "3" }	[ "Liesbeth Claire Faverey(Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel)", "Yvan Vandenplas(Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel)" ]	A 4-week-old infant presented with a coagulation disorder resulting from a vitamin K deficiency. The vitamin K defi-ciency was caused by neonatal cholestasis due to biliary atresia. Jaundice, hepatomegaly and pale stools are the predominant presenting symptoms of biliary atresia, none of which were recognized in our patient before admission. However, the patient presented with bleeding caused by vitamin K deficiency. She was fully breastfed and had re-ceived adequate doses of vitamin K at birth and from the age of 1 week. In case of a hemorrhagic diathesis due to neonatal cholestasis, timely identification of treatable underlying disorders, in particular biliary atresia, is important because an early surgical intervention results in a better prognosis. Meticulous history taking and a thorough physical exam can be decisive for an early diagnosis and subsequent intervention.	A 4-week-old infant presented with a coagulation disorder resulting from a vitamin K deficiency. The vitamin K defi-ciency was caused by neonatal cholestasis due to biliary atresia. Jaundice, hepatomegaly and pale stools are the predominant presenting symptoms of biliary atresia, none of which were recognized in our patient before admission. However, the patient presented with bleeding caused by vitamin K deficiency. She was fully breastfed and had re-ceived adequate doses of vitamin K at birth and from the age of 1 week. In case of a hemorrhagic diathesis due to neonatal cholestasis, timely identification of treatable underlying disorders, in particular biliary atresia, is important because an early surgical intervention results in a better prognosis. Meticulous history taking and a thorough physical exam can be decisive for an early diagnosis and subsequent intervention.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001919683	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001919684	oai_kci	How Should the Pyloric Submucosal Mass Coexisting with Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Be Treated?: A Case of Pyloric Ectopic Pancreas with Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis	How Should the Pyloric Submucosal Mass Coexisting with Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Be Treated?: A Case of Pyloric Ectopic Pancreas with Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "17", "issue": "3" }	[ "김수홍(부산대학교)", "유태경(서울대학교)", "김현영(서울대학교)", "정성은(서울대학교)", "박귀원(서울대학교)" ]	Co-existing pyloric submucosal masses with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) are very rare and treating these lesions is always a problem. A 20-day-old boy presented with recurrent episodes of projectile non-bilious vomiting lasting for 5 days. HPS was suspected due to the presenting age and the symptoms. The sonography demonstrated not only circumferential wall thickening of the pylorus, but also a pyloric submucosal mass. At laparotomy, a 0.8 cm sized pyloric submucosal mass was identified along with a hypertrophied pylorus. Pyloric excision was performed due to the possibility of sustaining the symptoms and malignancy. The pathological report of the submucosal mass was ectopic pancreas. Coexisting pyloric lesions can be diagnosed along with HPS, and surgical excision, not just pyloromyotomy, should be considered in these circumstances. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of pyloric ectopic pancreas and HPS to be diagnosed concurrently.	Co-existing pyloric submucosal masses with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) are very rare and treating these lesions is always a problem. A 20-day-old boy presented with recurrent episodes of projectile non-bilious vomiting lasting for 5 days. HPS was suspected due to the presenting age and the symptoms. The sonography demonstrated not only circumferential wall thickening of the pylorus, but also a pyloric submucosal mass. At laparotomy, a 0.8 cm sized pyloric submucosal mass was identified along with a hypertrophied pylorus. Pyloric excision was performed due to the possibility of sustaining the symptoms and malignancy. The pathological report of the submucosal mass was ectopic pancreas. Coexisting pyloric lesions can be diagnosed along with HPS, and surgical excision, not just pyloromyotomy, should be considered in these circumstances. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of pyloric ectopic pancreas and HPS to be diagnosed concurrently.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001919684	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001943482	oai_kci	Diets for Constipation	Diets for Constipation	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "12", "volume": "17", "issue": "4" }	[ "배선환(건국대학교)" ]	Chronic constipation is a very common disease in children. Successful treatment of constipation can be achieved not only with medication but also with lifestyle changes, including a proper diet. Diets including fruits, fluids, and probiotics are good for constipation. Some dietary components are helpful for constipation, and some are harmful. In this study, we present diets related to constipation from the literature, and propose some perspectives regarding diets related to constipation.	Chronic constipation is a very common disease in children. Successful treatment of constipation can be achieved not only with medication but also with lifestyle changes, including a proper diet. Diets including fruits, fluids, and probiotics are good for constipation. Some dietary components are helpful for constipation, and some are harmful. In this study, we present diets related to constipation from the literature, and propose some perspectives regarding diets related to constipation.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943482	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001943483	oai_kci	Clonazepam Treatment of Pathologic Aerophagia in Children with Mental Retardation	Clonazepam Treatment of Pathologic Aerophagia in Children with Mental Retardation	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "12", "volume": "17", "issue": "4" }	[ "이가현(계명대학교)", "장효정(서울대학교)", "황진복(계명대학교)" ]	Purpose: Pathologic aerophagia (PA) may lead to bowel perforation or volvulus in mentally retarded patients. The authors investigated the effects of clonazepam on the management of PA in children with severe to profound mental retardation (MR). Methods: This study was undertaken as a retrospective case analysis of 21 PA patients with MR who were followed for over 12 months and diagnosed as having PA. Patients were assigned to two management groups, that is, to a clonazepam randomized open-labeled, treatment group or a reassurance group. The following were recorded and analyzed; age, response, remission rate to clonazepam treatment, and the side effect of clonazepam. It was defined positive response (response+) as being symptom-free for a whole week within 1 month of commencing treatment and remission(+) as being symptom-free for a whole month within 6 months of treatment. Results: The average age of the 21 PA children with MR was 10 years and 13 patients were female. Symptom duration before diagnosis of PA was 7 months. Clinical features of the clonazepam-trial group (n=11) and the reassurance group (n=10) were non-significantly different. Response(+) was achieved by 2 patients (18.2%) in the clonazepamtrial group and by no patient in the reassurance group. Remission(+) was achieved by 6 patients (54.5%) in the clonazepam- trial group and by one patient (10%) in the reassurance group (p=0.040). Conclusion: When PA children with MR with severe bowel distention are considered for surgical treatment to prevent acute abdomen, a trial of clonazepam could be recommended.	Purpose: Pathologic aerophagia (PA) may lead to bowel perforation or volvulus in mentally retarded patients. The authors investigated the effects of clonazepam on the management of PA in children with severe to profound mental retardation (MR). Methods: This study was undertaken as a retrospective case analysis of 21 PA patients with MR who were followed for over 12 months and diagnosed as having PA. Patients were assigned to two management groups, that is, to a clonazepam randomized open-labeled, treatment group or a reassurance group. The following were recorded and analyzed; age, response, remission rate to clonazepam treatment, and the side effect of clonazepam. It was defined positive response (response+) as being symptom-free for a whole week within 1 month of commencing treatment and remission(+) as being symptom-free for a whole month within 6 months of treatment. Results: The average age of the 21 PA children with MR was 10 years and 13 patients were female. Symptom duration before diagnosis of PA was 7 months. Clinical features of the clonazepam-trial group (n=11) and the reassurance group (n=10) were non-significantly different. Response(+) was achieved by 2 patients (18.2%) in the clonazepamtrial group and by no patient in the reassurance group. Remission(+) was achieved by 6 patients (54.5%) in the clonazepam- trial group and by one patient (10%) in the reassurance group (p=0.040). Conclusion: When PA children with MR with severe bowel distention are considered for surgical treatment to prevent acute abdomen, a trial of clonazepam could be recommended.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943483	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001943484	oai_kci	Short-Term Complications of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy according to the Type of Technique	Short-Term Complications of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy according to the Type of Technique	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "12", "volume": "17", "issue": "4" }	[ "강미현(충남대학교)", "김재영(충남대학교)" ]	Purpose: The method of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement can be divided into the pull and introducer techniques. We compared short-term complications and prognosis between patients who underwent the pull technique and two other types of introducer techniques, the trocar introducer technique and T-fastener gastropexy technique. Methods: Twenty-six patients who underwent PEG were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively investigated the age, sex, body weight, weight-for-age Z-score, underlying diseases, PEG indications, complications, duration of NPO (nil per os), pain control frequency, and duration of antibiotic therapy. The patients were classified into three groups according to the PEG technique. The occurrence of complications was monitored for 10 weeks after the procedure. Results: The age, sex, body weight, and weight-for-age Z-score were not significantly between the three groups. Most patients had cerebral palsy and seizure disorders. Dysphagia was the most common indication for PEG. Major complications occurred in 5 (50%), 4 (66.7%), and 0 (0%) patients in group I, II, and III, respectively (p=0.005). Further, peristomal infection requiring systemic antibiotic therapy occurred in 2 (20%), 3 (50%), and 0 (0%) patients in group I, II, and III, respectively (p=0.04). There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to minor complications, duration of NPO, pain control frequency, and duration of antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: The results indicate that the T-fastener gastropexy technique was associated with the lowest rate of major complications.	Purpose: The method of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement can be divided into the pull and introducer techniques. We compared short-term complications and prognosis between patients who underwent the pull technique and two other types of introducer techniques, the trocar introducer technique and T-fastener gastropexy technique. Methods: Twenty-six patients who underwent PEG were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively investigated the age, sex, body weight, weight-for-age Z-score, underlying diseases, PEG indications, complications, duration of NPO (nil per os), pain control frequency, and duration of antibiotic therapy. The patients were classified into three groups according to the PEG technique. The occurrence of complications was monitored for 10 weeks after the procedure. Results: The age, sex, body weight, and weight-for-age Z-score were not significantly between the three groups. Most patients had cerebral palsy and seizure disorders. Dysphagia was the most common indication for PEG. Major complications occurred in 5 (50%), 4 (66.7%), and 0 (0%) patients in group I, II, and III, respectively (p=0.005). Further, peristomal infection requiring systemic antibiotic therapy occurred in 2 (20%), 3 (50%), and 0 (0%) patients in group I, II, and III, respectively (p=0.04). There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to minor complications, duration of NPO, pain control frequency, and duration of antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: The results indicate that the T-fastener gastropexy technique was associated with the lowest rate of major complications.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943484	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001943485	oai_kci	Systemic Classification for a New Diagnostic Approach to Acute Abdominal Pain in Children	Systemic Classification for a New Diagnostic Approach to Acute Abdominal Pain in Children	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "12", "volume": "17", "issue": "4" }	[ "김지회(제주대학교)", "강현식(제주대학교)", "한경희(제주대학교)", "김승효(제주대학교)", "신경수(제주대학교)", "이무숙(제주대학교)", "정인호(제주대학교)", "김영실(제주대학교)", "강기수(제주대학교)" ]	Purpose: With previous methods based on only age and location, there are many difficulties in identifying the etiology of acute abdominal pain in children. We sought to develop a new systematic classification of acute abdominal pain and to give some helps to physicians encountering difficulties in diagnoses. Methods: From March 2005 to May 2010, clinical data were collected retrospectively from 442 children hospitalized due to acute abdominal pain with no apparent underlying disease. According to the final diagnoses, diseases that caused acute abdominal pain were classified into nine groups. Results: The nine groups were group I “catastrophic surgical abdomen” (7 patients, 1.6%), group II “acute appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis” (56 patients, 12.7%), group III “intestinal obstruction” (57 patients, 12.9%), group IV “viral and bacterial acute gastroenteritis” (90 patients, 20.4%), group V “peptic ulcer and gastroduodenitis” (66 patients, 14.9%), group VI “hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease” (14 patients, 3.2%), group VII “febrile viral illness and extraintestinal infection” (69 patients, 15.6%), group VIII “functional gastrointestinal disorder (acute manifestation)” (20 patients, 4.5%), and group IX “unclassified acute abdominal pain” (63 patients, 14.3%). Four patients were enrolled in two disease groups each. Conclusion: Patients were distributed unevenly across the nine groups of acute abdominal pain. In particular, the “unclassified abdominal pain” only group was not uncommon. Considering a systemic classification for acute abdominal pain may be helpful in the diagnostic approach in children.	Purpose: With previous methods based on only age and location, there are many difficulties in identifying the etiology of acute abdominal pain in children. We sought to develop a new systematic classification of acute abdominal pain and to give some helps to physicians encountering difficulties in diagnoses. Methods: From March 2005 to May 2010, clinical data were collected retrospectively from 442 children hospitalized due to acute abdominal pain with no apparent underlying disease. According to the final diagnoses, diseases that caused acute abdominal pain were classified into nine groups. Results: The nine groups were group I “catastrophic surgical abdomen” (7 patients, 1.6%), group II “acute appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis” (56 patients, 12.7%), group III “intestinal obstruction” (57 patients, 12.9%), group IV “viral and bacterial acute gastroenteritis” (90 patients, 20.4%), group V “peptic ulcer and gastroduodenitis” (66 patients, 14.9%), group VI “hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease” (14 patients, 3.2%), group VII “febrile viral illness and extraintestinal infection” (69 patients, 15.6%), group VIII “functional gastrointestinal disorder (acute manifestation)” (20 patients, 4.5%), and group IX “unclassified acute abdominal pain” (63 patients, 14.3%). Four patients were enrolled in two disease groups each. Conclusion: Patients were distributed unevenly across the nine groups of acute abdominal pain. In particular, the “unclassified abdominal pain” only group was not uncommon. Considering a systemic classification for acute abdominal pain may be helpful in the diagnostic approach in children.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943485	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001943486	oai_kci	Clinical Characteristics of Symptomatic Clostridium difficile Infection in Children: Conditions as Infection Risks and Whether Probiotics Is Effective	Clinical Characteristics of Symptomatic Clostridium difficile Infection in Children: Conditions as Infection Risks and Whether Probiotics Is Effective	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "12", "volume": "17", "issue": "4" }	[ "나재윤(한양대학교)", "박종모(한양대학교)", "이경석(한양대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)", "강정옥(한양대학교)", "오성희(한양대학교)", "김용주(한양대학교)" ]	Purpose: This study investigated the clinical presentations of symptomatic Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 43 children aged ＜20 years who showed either positive C. difficile culture or C. difficile toxin test results between June 2010 and April 2014. Results: Of the 43 patients (mean age 6.7 years), 22 were boys. Sixteen patients (37.2%) showed both positive C. difficile culture and toxin test results. Seventeen out of 43 children (39.5%) had preexisting gastrointestinal diseases, and 26 children had other medical conditions that were risk factors for CDI. Twenty-eight children had a history of antibiotic treatment for ＞3 days, and the most frequently prescribed antibiotic was amoxicillin-clavulanate (35.7%). Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with CDI despite taking probiotic supplements, most commonly Lactobacillus acidophilus (53.6%). The most common symptom was diarrhea (72.1%) at the time CDI was diagnosed. C. difficile was eradicated in 11 patients (25.6%) after treatment with oral metronidazole for 10-14 days, and in the two patients (4.6%) who required two courses of oral metronidazole. Sixteen patients (37.2%) showed clinical improvement without any treatment. Conclusion: This study showed the various clinical characteristics of CDI in children and that preexisting clinical conditions favored the development of CDI. In addition, CDI was found to occur in a number of patients even after probiotic prophylaxis given in conjunction with antibiotic therapy.	Purpose: This study investigated the clinical presentations of symptomatic Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 43 children aged ＜20 years who showed either positive C. difficile culture or C. difficile toxin test results between June 2010 and April 2014. Results: Of the 43 patients (mean age 6.7 years), 22 were boys. Sixteen patients (37.2%) showed both positive C. difficile culture and toxin test results. Seventeen out of 43 children (39.5%) had preexisting gastrointestinal diseases, and 26 children had other medical conditions that were risk factors for CDI. Twenty-eight children had a history of antibiotic treatment for ＞3 days, and the most frequently prescribed antibiotic was amoxicillin-clavulanate (35.7%). Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with CDI despite taking probiotic supplements, most commonly Lactobacillus acidophilus (53.6%). The most common symptom was diarrhea (72.1%) at the time CDI was diagnosed. C. difficile was eradicated in 11 patients (25.6%) after treatment with oral metronidazole for 10-14 days, and in the two patients (4.6%) who required two courses of oral metronidazole. Sixteen patients (37.2%) showed clinical improvement without any treatment. Conclusion: This study showed the various clinical characteristics of CDI in children and that preexisting clinical conditions favored the development of CDI. In addition, CDI was found to occur in a number of patients even after probiotic prophylaxis given in conjunction with antibiotic therapy.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943486	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001943487	oai_kci	Does Type I Truly Dominate Hepatic Glycogen Storage Diseases in Korea?: A Single Center Study	Does Type I Truly Dominate Hepatic Glycogen Storage Diseases in Korea?: A Single Center Study	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "12", "volume": "17", "issue": "4" }	[ "정유주(삼성서울병원)", "강빈(성균관대학교)", "최소윤(삼성서울병원)", "기창석(삼성서울병원)", "이수연(삼성서울병원)", "박형두(성균관대학교)", "최연호(성균관대학교)" ]	Purpose: There are no studies of hepatic glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) other than type I and III in Korea. We aimed on investigating the characteristics of hepatic GSDs in Korea diagnosed and followed at a single center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who were diagnosed as GSD and followed at Samsung Medical Center from January, 1997 to December, 2013. Clinical manifestations, laboratory results, treatment, and prognosis were investigated. Results: Twenty-one patients were included in the study. The types of 17 patients were confirmed by enzyme activity tests and/or gene analysis. GSD Ia was diagnosed in 7 patients (33.3%), Ib in 1 patient (4.8%), III in 2 patients (9.5%), IV in 1 patient (4.8%), and IX in 6 patients (28.6%). Types other than GSD I constituted 52.9% (9/17) of the patients diagnosed with a specific type of hepatic GSD. The median age at presentation was 2 years. Hepatomegaly was observed in 95.2%, elevated liver transaminases in 90.5%, and hyperlactacidemia in 81.0% of the patients. The duration for follow-up was 77±62.0 months. Uncooked corn starch was initiated in all the patients. No mortality was observed during the follow-up period, and liver transplantation was performed in 14.3%. Conclusion: Types other than GSD I comprised more than half of the patients diagnosed with a specific type of hepatic GSD. Clinical suspicion and thorough evaluation of hepatic GSDs in Korea should be focused not only on GSD I, but also on other types.	Purpose: There are no studies of hepatic glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) other than type I and III in Korea. We aimed on investigating the characteristics of hepatic GSDs in Korea diagnosed and followed at a single center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who were diagnosed as GSD and followed at Samsung Medical Center from January, 1997 to December, 2013. Clinical manifestations, laboratory results, treatment, and prognosis were investigated. Results: Twenty-one patients were included in the study. The types of 17 patients were confirmed by enzyme activity tests and/or gene analysis. GSD Ia was diagnosed in 7 patients (33.3%), Ib in 1 patient (4.8%), III in 2 patients (9.5%), IV in 1 patient (4.8%), and IX in 6 patients (28.6%). Types other than GSD I constituted 52.9% (9/17) of the patients diagnosed with a specific type of hepatic GSD. The median age at presentation was 2 years. Hepatomegaly was observed in 95.2%, elevated liver transaminases in 90.5%, and hyperlactacidemia in 81.0% of the patients. The duration for follow-up was 77±62.0 months. Uncooked corn starch was initiated in all the patients. No mortality was observed during the follow-up period, and liver transplantation was performed in 14.3%. Conclusion: Types other than GSD I comprised more than half of the patients diagnosed with a specific type of hepatic GSD. Clinical suspicion and thorough evaluation of hepatic GSDs in Korea should be focused not only on GSD I, but also on other types.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943487	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001943488	oai_kci	The Clinical Significance of Serum Ferritin in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	The Clinical Significance of Serum Ferritin in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "12", "volume": "17", "issue": "4" }	[ "나지훈(연세대학교)", "박소원(연세대학교 의과대학)", "강윤구(세브란스병원)", "고홍(연세대학교)", "김승(연세대학교)" ]	Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has become an important public health issue because of its high prevalence and severity. Several noninvasive methods for estimating NAFLD are under investigation. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of serum ferritin as a biomarker of severity of pediatric NAFLD patients. Methods: A total of 64 NAFLD patient were enrolled from Severance Children’s Hospital from March 2010 to February 2013. Serum ferritin levels, liver related laboratory tests, liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (2-dimensional [2D] proton density-fat fraction) and NAFLD severity markers were compared between obese group and overweight group. Correlation analyses were performed between serum ferritin and laboratory values including NAFLD severity markers. Results: In obese group, serum ferritin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), MRI 2D proton density-fat fraction, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis- 4 (FIB-4) (an index score calculated from platelet count, ALT, AST and age) were significantly higher than those of overweight group. NAFLD severity markers, APRI and FIB-4, and liver specific important laboratory values, AST, ALT, INR, cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein show significant correlation with serum ferritin in NAFLD patients. Conclusion: Serum ferritin concentrations could be a candidate of useful severity marker in the pediatric NAFLD patients.	Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has become an important public health issue because of its high prevalence and severity. Several noninvasive methods for estimating NAFLD are under investigation. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of serum ferritin as a biomarker of severity of pediatric NAFLD patients. Methods: A total of 64 NAFLD patient were enrolled from Severance Children’s Hospital from March 2010 to February 2013. Serum ferritin levels, liver related laboratory tests, liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (2-dimensional [2D] proton density-fat fraction) and NAFLD severity markers were compared between obese group and overweight group. Correlation analyses were performed between serum ferritin and laboratory values including NAFLD severity markers. Results: In obese group, serum ferritin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), MRI 2D proton density-fat fraction, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis- 4 (FIB-4) (an index score calculated from platelet count, ALT, AST and age) were significantly higher than those of overweight group. NAFLD severity markers, APRI and FIB-4, and liver specific important laboratory values, AST, ALT, INR, cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein show significant correlation with serum ferritin in NAFLD patients. Conclusion: Serum ferritin concentrations could be a candidate of useful severity marker in the pediatric NAFLD patients.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943488	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001943489	oai_kci	The Complex Surgical Management of the First Case of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and Multiple Intestinal Atresias Surviving after the Fourth Year of Life	The Complex Surgical Management of the First Case of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and Multiple Intestinal Atresias Surviving after the Fourth Year of Life	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "12", "volume": "17", "issue": "4" }	[ "Riccardo Guanà(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Salvatore Garofano(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Elisabetta Teruzzi(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Simona Vinardi(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Giulia Carbonaro(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Alessia Cerrina(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Isabella Morra(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Davide Montin(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Alessandro Mussa(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)", "Jürgen Schleef(Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital)" ]	Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a life-threatening syndrome of recurrent infections and gastro-intestinal alterations due to severe compromise of T cells and B cells. Clinically, most patients present symptoms before the age of 3 months and without intervention SCID usually results in severe infections and death by the age of 2 years. Its association with intestinal anomalies as multiple intestinal atresias (MIA) is rare and worsens the prog-nosis, resulting lethal. We describe the case of a four year-old boy with SCID-MIA. He presented at birth with meco-nium peritonitis, multiple ileal atresias and underwent several intestinal resections. A targeted Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous 4-bp deletion (c.313ΔTATC; p.Y105fs) in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A).He experienced surgical procedures including resection and stricturoplasty. Despite parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease, the patient is surviving at the time of writing the report. Precocious immune system assessment, scrutiny of TTC7A mutations and prompt surgical procedures are crucial in the management.	Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a life-threatening syndrome of recurrent infections and gastro-intestinal alterations due to severe compromise of T cells and B cells. Clinically, most patients present symptoms before the age of 3 months and without intervention SCID usually results in severe infections and death by the age of 2 years. Its association with intestinal anomalies as multiple intestinal atresias (MIA) is rare and worsens the prog-nosis, resulting lethal. We describe the case of a four year-old boy with SCID-MIA. He presented at birth with meco-nium peritonitis, multiple ileal atresias and underwent several intestinal resections. A targeted Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous 4-bp deletion (c.313ΔTATC; p.Y105fs) in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A).He experienced surgical procedures including resection and stricturoplasty. Despite parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease, the patient is surviving at the time of writing the report. Precocious immune system assessment, scrutiny of TTC7A mutations and prompt surgical procedures are crucial in the management.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943489	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001943490	oai_kci	A Case of Epiploic Appendagitis with Acute Gastroenteritis	A Case of Epiploic Appendagitis with Acute Gastroenteritis	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "12", "volume": "17", "issue": "4" }	[ "조민선(가톨릭대학교)", "황보석(가톨릭대학교)", "최의윤(가톨릭대학교)", "김환수(가톨릭대학교)", "한승훈(가톨릭대학교)" ]	Epiploic appendagitis is an inflammation of the epiploic appendage in which the small sacs projecting from the serosal layer of the colon are positioned longitudinally from the caecum to the rectosigmoid area. Epiploic appendagitis is rare and self-limiting; however, it can cause sudden abdominal pain in children. Epiploic appendagitis does not typi-cally accompany other gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we report on a healthy eight-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. Based on these symptoms, she was diagnosed with acute gastro-enteritis, but epiploic appendagitis in the ascending colon was revealed in contrast computed tomography (CT). The patient was treated successfully with conservative management. CT is beneficial in diagnosis and further assess-ment of epiploic appendagitis. Pediatricians need to be aware of this self-limiting disease and consider it as a possible alternate diagnosis in cases of acute abdominal pain.	Epiploic appendagitis is an inflammation of the epiploic appendage in which the small sacs projecting from the serosal layer of the colon are positioned longitudinally from the caecum to the rectosigmoid area. Epiploic appendagitis is rare and self-limiting; however, it can cause sudden abdominal pain in children. Epiploic appendagitis does not typi-cally accompany other gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we report on a healthy eight-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. Based on these symptoms, she was diagnosed with acute gastro-enteritis, but epiploic appendagitis in the ascending colon was revealed in contrast computed tomography (CT). The patient was treated successfully with conservative management. CT is beneficial in diagnosis and further assess-ment of epiploic appendagitis. Pediatricians need to be aware of this self-limiting disease and consider it as a possible alternate diagnosis in cases of acute abdominal pain.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943490	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART001943491	oai_kci	Coexistence of Gilbert Syndrome and Hereditary Spherocytosis in a Child Presenting with Extreme Jaundice	Coexistence of Gilbert Syndrome and Hereditary Spherocytosis in a Child Presenting with Extreme Jaundice	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2014", "pub_month": "12", "volume": "17", "issue": "4" }	[ "이재희(조선대학교)", "문경래(조선대학교)" ]	Gilbert syndrome is the most common inherited disorder of bilirubin glucuronidation. It is characterized by intermittent episodes of jaundice in the absence of hepatocellular disease or hemolysis. Hereditary spherocytosis is the most common inherited hemolytic anemia and is characterized by spherical, osmotically fragile erythrocytes that are se-lectively trapped by the spleen. The patients have variable degrees of anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. Hereditary spherocytosis usually leads to mild-to-moderate elevation of serum bilirubin levels. Severe hyper-bilirubinemia compared with the degree of hemolysis should be lead to suspicion of additional clinical conditions such as Gilbert syndrome or thalassemia. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with extreme jaundice and nausea. The diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis was confirmed by osmotic fragility test results and that of Gilbert syndrome by genetic analysis findings.	Gilbert syndrome is the most common inherited disorder of bilirubin glucuronidation. It is characterized by intermittent episodes of jaundice in the absence of hepatocellular disease or hemolysis. Hereditary spherocytosis is the most common inherited hemolytic anemia and is characterized by spherical, osmotically fragile erythrocytes that are se-lectively trapped by the spleen. The patients have variable degrees of anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. Hereditary spherocytosis usually leads to mild-to-moderate elevation of serum bilirubin levels. Severe hyper-bilirubinemia compared with the degree of hemolysis should be lead to suspicion of additional clinical conditions such as Gilbert syndrome or thalassemia. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with extreme jaundice and nausea. The diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis was confirmed by osmotic fragility test results and that of Gilbert syndrome by genetic analysis findings.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943491	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002146064	oai_kci	Middle East Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis and Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in <12 Months Old Infants	Middle East Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis and Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in <12 Months Old Infants	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "19", "issue": "3" }	[ "Yvan Vandenplas(Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel)", "Muath Abdurrahman Alturaiki(King Salman Hospital)", "Wafaa Al-Qabandi(Kuwait University)", "Fawaz AlRefaee(Al Adan Hospital)", "Ziad Bassil(St. Joseph Hospital)", "Bassam Eid(Hotel Dieu deFrance)", "Ahmed El Beleidy(Cairo University)", "Ali Ibrahim Almehaidib(King Faisal Specialist Hospital)", "Pierre Mouawad(St. Georges Orthodox)", "Maroun Sokhn(St. Georges Orthodox)" ]	This paper covers algorithms for the management of regurgitation, constipation and infantile colic in infants. Anti-re-gurgitation formula may be considered in infants with troublesome regurgitation, while diagnostic investigations or drug therapy are not indicated in the absence of warning signs. Although probiotics have shown some positive evi-dence for the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), the evidence is not strong enough to make a recommendation. A partially hydrolyzed infant formula with prebiotics and β-palmitate may be considered as a dietary intervention for functional constipation in formula fed infants. Lactulose has been shown to be effective and safe in infants younger than 6 months that are constipated. Macrogol (polyethylene glycol, PEG) is not approved for use in infants less than 6 months of age. However, PEG is preferred over lactulose in infants ＞6 months of age. Limited data suggests that infant formula with a partial hydrolysate, galacto-oligosaccharides/fructo-oligosac-charides, added β-palmitate may be of benefit in reducing infantile colic in formula fed infants in cases where cow’smilk protein allergy (CMPA) is not suspected. Evidence suggests that the use of extensively hydrolyzed infant formula for a formula-fed baby and a cow’s milk free diet for a breastfeeding mother may be beneficial to decrease infantile colic if CMPA is suspected. None of the FGIDs is a reason to stop breastfeeding.	This paper covers algorithms for the management of regurgitation, constipation and infantile colic in infants. Anti-re-gurgitation formula may be considered in infants with troublesome regurgitation, while diagnostic investigations or drug therapy are not indicated in the absence of warning signs. Although probiotics have shown some positive evi-dence for the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), the evidence is not strong enough to make a recommendation. A partially hydrolyzed infant formula with prebiotics and β-palmitate may be considered as a dietary intervention for functional constipation in formula fed infants. Lactulose has been shown to be effective and safe in infants younger than 6 months that are constipated. Macrogol (polyethylene glycol, PEG) is not approved for use in infants less than 6 months of age. However, PEG is preferred over lactulose in infants ＞6 months of age. Limited data suggests that infant formula with a partial hydrolysate, galacto-oligosaccharides/fructo-oligosac-charides, added β-palmitate may be of benefit in reducing infantile colic in formula fed infants in cases where cow’smilk protein allergy (CMPA) is not suspected. Evidence suggests that the use of extensively hydrolyzed infant formula for a formula-fed baby and a cow’s milk free diet for a breastfeeding mother may be beneficial to decrease infantile colic if CMPA is suspected. None of the FGIDs is a reason to stop breastfeeding.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002146064	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002146065	oai_kci	Socioeconomic Impacts of Gluten-Free Diet among Saudi Children with Celiac Disease	Socioeconomic Impacts of Gluten-Free Diet among Saudi Children with Celiac Disease	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "19", "issue": "3" }	[ "Ahmed Sarkhy(King Saud University)", "Mohammad I. El Mouzan(King Saud University)", "Elshazaly Saeed(King Saud University)", "Aziz Alanazi(King Abdulaziz Medical City)", "Sharifa Alghamdi(King Faisal Specialist Hospital)", "Shirin Anil(King Saud University)", "Asaad Assiri(King Saud University)" ]	Purpose: To determine the socio-economic impact of gluten free diet (GFD) on Saudi children and their families Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which an online questionnaire was sent to all families registered in the Saudi celiac patients support group. We included only children (age 18 years of age and younger) with biop-sy-confirmed celiac disease (CD).Results: A total of 113 children were included in the final analysis, the median age was 9.9 years; 62.8% were females. One hundred (88.5%) of the participating families reported that GFD food was not easily available in their areas, 17% of them reported that it was not available at all in their area. One hundred and six (93.8%) reported that the price of GFD food was very expensive and 70 (61.9%) families that the diet was heavily affecting their family budget. Significant social difficulties were reported among the participating families and their children including interference with the child’s interaction with other children (49.6%), the families’ ability to attend social gatherings (60.2%), the families’ ability to eat in restaurants (73.5%), and the families’ ability to travel (58.4%). Conclusion: There is significant negative socio-economic impact of GFD on children with CD & their families. Health care providers should be aware of these psycho-social difficulties and be well trained to provide a proper education and psychological support for these patients and their families.	Purpose: To determine the socio-economic impact of gluten free diet (GFD) on Saudi children and their families Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which an online questionnaire was sent to all families registered in the Saudi celiac patients support group. We included only children (age 18 years of age and younger) with biop-sy-confirmed celiac disease (CD).Results: A total of 113 children were included in the final analysis, the median age was 9.9 years; 62.8% were females. One hundred (88.5%) of the participating families reported that GFD food was not easily available in their areas, 17% of them reported that it was not available at all in their area. One hundred and six (93.8%) reported that the price of GFD food was very expensive and 70 (61.9%) families that the diet was heavily affecting their family budget. Significant social difficulties were reported among the participating families and their children including interference with the child’s interaction with other children (49.6%), the families’ ability to attend social gatherings (60.2%), the families’ ability to eat in restaurants (73.5%), and the families’ ability to travel (58.4%). Conclusion: There is significant negative socio-economic impact of GFD on children with CD & their families. Health care providers should be aware of these psycho-social difficulties and be well trained to provide a proper education and psychological support for these patients and their families.	null	0	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002146065	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002146066	oai_kci	Factors Associated with Removal of Impactted Fishbone in Children, Suspected Ingestion	Factors Associated with Removal of Impactted Fishbone in Children, Suspected Ingestion	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "19", "issue": "3" }	[ "Chun Woo Lim(Gyeongsang National University Hospital)", "Min Hwan Park(Gyeongsang National University Hospital)", "Hyun Jeong Do(Gyeongsang National University Hospital)", "Jung-Sook Yeom(Gyeongsang National University Hospital)", "박지숙(경상대학교)", "Eun Sil Park(Gyeongsang National University Hospital)", "서지현(경상대학교)", "박정제(경상대학교)", "Jae Young Lim(Gyeongsang National University Hospital)", "박찬후(경상대학교)", "우향옥(경상대학교)", "윤희상(경상대학교)" ]	Purpose: The management and clinical course in pediatric patients who had ingested foreign body were investigated retrospectively to evaluate the frequency and factor associated with successful removal of fishbone foreign body.Methods: Based on the medical records of patients younger than 15 years old who visited emergency room because of foreign body ingestion from January 1999 to December 2012, the authors reviewed clinical characteristics including type of ingested foreign bodies, time to visits, managements and complications.Results: Fishbone (50.1%) was the most common ingested foreign body in children. Among 416 patients with in-gested fishbone, 245 (58.9%) were identified and removed using laryngoscope, rigid or flexible endoscope from pharynx or upper esophagus by otolaryngologists and pediatric gastroenterologists. The kind of ingested fish bone in children was diverse. The mean age of identified and removed fishbone group was 7.39 years old, and higher than that of unidentified fishbone group (5.81 years old, p＜0.001). Identified and removed fishbone group had shorter time until hospital visit than the unidentified fishbone group (2.03 vs. 6.47 hours, p＜0.001). No complication due to ingested fishbone or procedure occurred.Conclusion: Older age and shorter time from accident to hospital visit were the different factors between success and failure on removal of ingested fish bone in children.	Purpose: The management and clinical course in pediatric patients who had ingested foreign body were investigated retrospectively to evaluate the frequency and factor associated with successful removal of fishbone foreign body.Methods: Based on the medical records of patients younger than 15 years old who visited emergency room because of foreign body ingestion from January 1999 to December 2012, the authors reviewed clinical characteristics including type of ingested foreign bodies, time to visits, managements and complications.Results: Fishbone (50.1%) was the most common ingested foreign body in children. Among 416 patients with in-gested fishbone, 245 (58.9%) were identified and removed using laryngoscope, rigid or flexible endoscope from pharynx or upper esophagus by otolaryngologists and pediatric gastroenterologists. The kind of ingested fish bone in children was diverse. The mean age of identified and removed fishbone group was 7.39 years old, and higher than that of unidentified fishbone group (5.81 years old, p＜0.001). Identified and removed fishbone group had shorter time until hospital visit than the unidentified fishbone group (2.03 vs. 6.47 hours, p＜0.001). No complication due to ingested fishbone or procedure occurred.Conclusion: Older age and shorter time from accident to hospital visit were the different factors between success and failure on removal of ingested fish bone in children.	null	1	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002146066	kci_detailed_000001.xml
ART002146067	oai_kci	Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in Children Hospitalized at a Tertiary Hospital during 2004-2015 in Korea: Epidemiology and Clinical Management	Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in Children Hospitalized at a Tertiary Hospital during 2004-2015 in Korea: Epidemiology and Clinical Management	{ "journal_name": "Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition", "publisher": "대한소아소화기영양학회", "pub_year": "2016", "pub_month": "09", "volume": "19", "issue": "3" }	[ "Yong Hee Lee(Sanggye Paik Hospital)", "Yu Bin Kim(Sanggye Paik Hospital)", "Ja Wook Koo(Sanggye Paik Hospital)", "Ju-Young Chung(Sanggye Paik Hospital)" ]	Purpose: To investigate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, investigations and management, and prognosis of patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP).Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 212 HSP patients under the age of 18 years who were admitted to Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital between 2004 and 2015.Results: The mean age of the HSP patients was 6.93 years, and the ratio of boys to girls was 1.23:1. HSP occurred most frequently in the winter (33.0%) and least frequently in the summer (11.3%). Palpable purpura spots were found in 208 patients (98.1%), and gastrointestinal (GI) and joint symptoms were observed in 159 (75.0%) and 148 (69.8%) patients, respectively. There were 57 patients (26.9%) with renal involvement and 10 patients (4.7%) with nephrotic syndrome. The incidence of renal involvement and nephrotic syndrome was significantly higher in patients with se-vere GI symptoms and in those over 7 years old. The majority of patients (88.7%) were treated with steroids. There was no significant difference in the incidence of renal involvement or nephrotic syndrome among patients receiving different doses of steroids. Conclusion: In this study, the epidemiologic features of HSP in children were similar to those described in previous studies, but GI and joint symptoms manifested more frequently. It is essential to carefully monitor renal involvement and progression to chronic renal disease in patients ≥7 years old and in patients affected by severe GI symptoms. It can be assumed that there is no direct association between early doses of steroids and prognosis.	Purpose: To investigate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, investigations and management, and prognosis of patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP).Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 212 HSP patients under the age of 18 years who were admitted to Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital between 2004 and 2015.Results: The mean age of the HSP patients was 6.93 years, and the ratio of boys to girls was 1.23:1. HSP occurred most frequently in the winter (33.0%) and least frequently in the summer (11.3%). Palpable purpura spots were found in 208 patients (98.1%), and gastrointestinal (GI) and joint symptoms were observed in 159 (75.0%) and 148 (69.8%) patients, respectively. There were 57 patients (26.9%) with renal involvement and 10 patients (4.7%) with nephrotic syndrome. The incidence of renal involvement and nephrotic syndrome was significantly higher in patients with se-vere GI symptoms and in those over 7 years old. The majority of patients (88.7%) were treated with steroids. There was no significant difference in the incidence of renal involvement or nephrotic syndrome among patients receiving different doses of steroids. Conclusion: In this study, the epidemiologic features of HSP in children were similar to those described in previous studies, but GI and joint symptoms manifested more frequently. It is essential to carefully monitor renal involvement and progression to chronic renal disease in patients ≥7 years old and in patients affected by severe GI symptoms. It can be assumed that there is no direct association between early doses of steroids and prognosis.	null	2	null	https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002146067	kci_detailed_000001.xml

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

📚 KCI Metadata Archive (2026.01 Snapshot)

한국학술지인용색인(KCI)에 등재된 국내 학술지 논문의 서지 정보(메타데이터)를 집대성한 데이터셋입니다. 디지털 인문학(DH), 계량 서지학, 지식 그래프 구축 및 LLM의 한국어 학술 도메인 학습 등을 위해 구축되었습니다.

Note: 이 데이터셋은 2026년 1월 24일 기준의 스냅샷입니다.

📂 Dataset Structure (데이터 구조)

데이터는 JSONL (JSON Lines) 포맷으로 제공되어 대용량 처리에 최적화되어 있습니다.

File Information

Filename: kci_articles_20260124.jsonl
Size: 약 11GB (Raw XML 변환본)
Count: 약 3,000,000+ 건 (추산)

Data Fields (필드 설명)

각 라인은 하나의 논문(Article) 정보를 담고 있습니다.

{
  "id": "ART002000341",          // KCI 논문 식별자
  "format": "oai_kci",           // 원본 포맷 (oai_kci 또는 oai_dc)
  "title_ko": "국문 논문 제목",
  "title_en": "English Title",
  "journal": {
    "journal_name": "학술지명",
    "publisher": "발행기관",
    "pub_year": "2024",
    "volume": "10",
    "issue": "2"
  },
  "authors": [                   // 저자 목록 (List)
    "홍길동(한국대학교)",
    "Kim, Chul-Soo(Hankuk Univ.)"
  ],
  "abstract_ko": "국문 초록 텍스트...",
  "abstract_en": "Abstract text...",
  "keywords": "키워드1, 키워드2",
  "citation_count": "5",         // 피인용 횟수
  "doi": "10.xxxx/....",         // DOI
  "url": "[https://www.kci.go.kr/](https://www.kci.go.kr/)..." // KCI 원문 링크
}

## 🚀 How to Use (사용 방법)

### 1. Python (Hugging Face `datasets` 라이브러리)

가장 추천하는 방식입니다. 스트리밍 방식을 지원하여 11GB를 한 번에 다운로드하지 않고도 데이터를 탐색할 수 있습니다.

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

# 데이터셋 불러오기
dataset = load_dataset("ddokbaro/KCI_data", split="train")

# 데이터 확인 (첫 5개)
for article in dataset.select(range(5)):
    print(f"[{article['pub_year']}] {article['title_ko']} - {article['authors']}")

2. Pandas (Dataframe)

import pandas as pd

# JSONL 파일 직접 로드 (주의: 메모리 용량 필요)
df = pd.read_json("kci_articles_20260124.jsonl", lines=True)
print(df.head())

🛠 Included Scripts (수집 및 가공 코드)

이 데이터셋의 투명성과 재현성을 위해 사용된 파이썬 스크립트를 함께 제공합니다. Files and versions 탭에서 확인하실 수 있습니다.

kci_full_download.py:
- KCI OAI-PMH 서버에서 Raw XML 데이터를 수집하는 크롤러입니다.
- 네트워크 중단 시 자동 이어받기(Resume) 기능을 지원합니다.
kci_xml_to_jsonl.py:
- 수집된 2만여 개의 XML 파일을 파싱하여 하나의 JSONL 파일로 변환합니다.
- oai_kci(상세)와 oai_dc(기본) 포맷을 모두 지원하는 하이브리드 파서입니다.

⚖️ License & Disclaimer

License

Dataset: CC BY-NC 4.0 (저작자표시-비영리)
Scripts: MIT License

Disclaimer (면책 조항)

이 데이터셋은 학술 연구 및 교육 목적을 위해 큐레이션된 2차 저작물입니다.
상업적 목적(예: 원천 데이터 판매)으로 이용할 수 없습니다.

👤 Maintainer

Prof. Kim Ba-ro (김바로)

The Academy of Korean Studies (한국학중앙연구원)

Downloads last month: 23

Size of downloaded dataset files:

4.54 GB

Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:

2.13 GB

Number of rows:

2,343,446