wikiname
stringclasses 1
value | page_id
int64 2.94k
79.6M
| date_modified
stringdate 2015-05-25 06:26:06
2025-03-29 15:54:56
| in_language
stringclasses 1
value | wikidata_id
stringlengths 5
10
⌀ | bytes_html
int64 2.7k
2.77M
| wikitext
stringlengths 256
445k
| version
int64 664M
1.28B
| infoboxes
stringlengths 2
55k
| has_math
bool 2
classes | input_ids
listlengths 1.02k
1.02k
| token_type_ids
listlengths 1.02k
1.02k
| attention_mask
listlengths 1.02k
1.02k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
enwiki
| 32,552,979
|
2023-07-26T12:32:03Z
|
en
|
Q12061605
| 115,017
|
{{short description|Tank corps of the Soviet military}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 10th Tank Corps
| dates = {{plainlist|
*1st formation: 1938–1940
*2nd formation: 1942–1945
}}
| country = {{flag|Soviet Union}}
| branch = [[Red Army]]
| type = Armor
| battles = [[World War II]]
*[[Operation Gallop]]
*[[Battle of Kursk]]
*[[Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation]]
*[[Battle of the Dnieper]]
*[[Battle of Kiev (1943)]]
*[[East Prussian Offensive]]
| decorations = {{OrderSuvorov2ndClass}} 2nd class
| battle_honours = Dnieper
| notable_commanders = {{plainlist|
*[[Vasily Mikhailovich Alexeyev]]
*[[Alexey Panfilov]]
*[[Matvey Shaposhnikov]]
}}
}}
The '''10th Tank Corps''' was a [[Tank corps (Soviet)|tank corps]] of the [[Red Army]], formed twice.
== First Formation ==
In May–June 1938, the [[7th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|7th Mechanized Corps]] headquarters was relocated from Novy Petergof to [[Luga, Leningrad Oblast|Luga]] and converted into the 10th Tank Corps when the Red Army mechanized forces transitioned from a mechanized corps structure to a tank corps structure. On 4 August 1938, the 107th Separate Air Liaison Flight was formed as part of the corps at Luga. On 27 September 1939, the corps was relocated to the [[Pskov]] area on the Estonian border, to back up threats of force against that country. On 2 October it was moved to the Latvian border to threaten Latvia as well. Both of these movements were made to force the two Baltic states into signing the [[Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty]] and the [[Soviet–Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty]], respectively, which established Soviet military bases on the territory of both countries. On 10 October, the 18th Light Tank Brigade was transferred to another unit and replaced by the [[1st Light Tank Brigade (Soviet Union)|1st Light Tank Brigade]]. The corps' other brigades were the [[13th Light Tank Brigade]] and the 15th Motor Rifle and Machine Gun Brigade.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://mechcorps.ru/files/before_41/pages/07_mk_10_tk.htm|title=7 механизированный корпус с 1938 г. – 10 танковый корпус|last=Drig|first=Yevgeny|date=12 October 2013|website=mechcorps.ru|language=Russian|trans-title=7th Mechanized Corps, from 1938 10th Tank Corps|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407182302/http://mechcorps.ru/files/before_41/pages/07_mk_10_tk.htm|archive-date=7 April 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref>
On 13 October the corps was transferred back to the [[Leningrad Military District]] from the [[8th Army (Soviet Union)|8th Army]] and returned to Luga. By 30 November, in preparation for the [[Winter War]], the Soviet attack on Finland, the 10th was relocated to the Finnish border as part of the [[7th Army (Soviet Union)|7th Army]]. On 30 November, the corps crossed the border at the beginning of the invasion, with its headquarters in the [[Korkiamyaki]] area, then at [[Rautu]] and [[Liipua]]. Between 13 and 16 December the 10th Tank Corps was transferred to advance towards [[Vyborg]], concentrating in the Baboshino area. Its units were pulled out of combat and moved to Baboshin, with the headquarters at [[Tomilla]] by 20 December.<ref name=":0" />
The Red Army command considered the performance of the large tank corps to be unsatisfactory and ordered all of them, including the 10th, disbanded in January 1940 by an order dated 17 January. The corps headquarters was moved to [[Kingisepp]] to be used to form an army group under the command of [[Dmitry Pavlov (general)|Dmitry Pavlov]].<ref name=":0" />
== Second Formation ==
The corps was reformed in April 1942<ref>[http://www.dupuyinstitute.org/ubb/Forum4/HTML/000040.html Dupuy Institute Forum Discussion on Tank/Mech Corps]</ref> and was part of [[Steppe Front]] for the [[Battle of Kursk]]. [[Fatyh Zaripovich Sharipov]] appears to have won the [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] while operating with the corps.
10th Tank Corps was subsequently assigned to the [[5th Guards Tank Army]], but by April 1945 during the [[Battle of Berlin]], the 10th Tank Corps was part of the [[Reserve of the Supreme High Command]] (RVGK).<ref>Боевой состав Советской Армии на 1 апреля 1945 г. and Боевой состав Советской Армии на 1 мая 1945 г. See [[Combat composition of the Soviet Army]].</ref> It comprised the 178th, 183rd, and 186th Tank Brigades, and the 11th Motor Rifle Brigade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.niehorster.org/012_ussr/45-04-03_Berlin/2-Byelo/Corps_010-Tank.html|title=Battle of Berlin: Soviet Order of Battle: 10th Tank Corps, 3 April 1945|last=Niehorster|first=Leo|date=1 January 2010|website=niehorster.org|access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref>
It should not be confused with 30th Tank Corps, which became [[10th Guards Tank Corps]].
Postwar it became the [[10th Tank Division (Soviet Union)|10th Tank Division]]. On 30 April 1957, it became the 34th Heavy Tank Division. In March 1965, it became the [[34th Tank Division#Second formation|34th Tank Division]]. On 20 March 1992, it was taken over by Belarus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/td/34td.htm|title=34th Tank Division|last=Holm|first=Michael|website=www.ww2.dk|access-date=2016-03-05}}</ref> The division became the 34th Weapons and Equipment Storage Base, part of [[North Western Operational Command]].
==References==
<references/>
{{Soviet Union corps}}
[[Category:Tank corps of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1938]]
[[Category:1942 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1940]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1942]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945]]
| 1,167,219,203
|
[{"title": "10th Tank Corps", "data": {"Active": "- 1st formation: 1938\u20131940 - 2nd formation: 1942\u20131945", "Country": "Soviet Union", "Branch": "Red Army", "Type": "Armor", "Engagements": "World War II - Operation Gallop - Battle of Kursk - Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation - Battle of the Dnieper - Battle of Kiev (1943) - East Prussian Offensive", "Decorations": "Order of Suvorov 2nd class", "Battle honours": "Dnieper"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Notable \u00b7 commanders": "- Vasily Mikhailovich Alexeyev - Alexey Panfilov - Matvey Shaposhnikov"}}]
| false
|
[
7,
570,
365,
8965,
2668,
203,
482,
570,
365,
8965,
2668,
357,
298,
8175,
10255,
291,
275,
1765,
1491,
16,
2608,
7006,
18,
203,
203,
352,
1769,
10519,
203,
717,
759,
333,
8016,
3985,
16,
275,
505,
365,
25917,
2668,
6990,
357,
11073,
447,
736,
93,
2061,
75,
1598,
323,
332,
9239,
305,
7367,
918,
275,
570,
365,
8965,
2668,
1071,
275,
1765,
1491,
6153,
1386,
3081,
28624,
447,
298,
6153,
1386,
10255,
4687,
323,
298,
8175,
10255,
4687,
18,
1099,
416,
820,
3985,
16,
275,
8324,
365,
15129,
1949,
19178,
1814,
13303,
357,
2608,
389,
725,
291,
275,
10255,
415,
332,
9239,
18,
1099,
1073,
809,
3674,
16,
275,
10255,
357,
11073,
323,
275,
318,
1080,
400,
1426,
374,
275,
13673,
5993,
16,
323,
1416,
914,
19730,
291,
4490,
1252,
479,
2528,
18,
1099,
314,
797,
477,
357,
2121,
323,
275,
19880,
5993,
323,
5576,
279,
16595,
389,
1387,
18,
5893,
291,
1946,
12636,
539,
1173,
323,
4490,
275,
740,
15593,
4024,
918,
13230,
275,
3101,
333,
41,
2032,
423,
28458,
1141,
4664,
7530,
305,
275,
3101,
333,
30555,
18204,
28458,
1141,
4664,
7530,
16,
6038,
16,
587,
2257,
3101,
2901,
14539,
374,
275,
6076,
291,
1495,
5299,
18,
1099,
570,
797,
16,
275,
433,
365,
3727,
8965,
3177,
357,
4724,
323,
2429,
3874,
305,
3548,
404,
275,
284,
328,
3727,
8965,
3177,
18,
380,
10255,
11,
863,
19422,
539,
275,
672,
365,
3727,
8965,
3177,
305,
275,
600,
365,
7586,
5793,
305,
10292,
6980,
3177,
18,
203,
1682,
672,
797,
275,
10255,
357,
4724,
1416,
323,
275,
13683,
4391,
1256,
447,
275,
516,
365,
1491,
305,
2595,
323,
332,
9239,
18,
2041,
982,
810,
16,
297,
13490,
372,
275,
5159,
977,
16,
275,
3101,
2460,
374,
6719,
16,
275,
570,
365,
357,
11073,
323,
275,
7108,
5993,
389,
725,
291,
275,
505,
365,
1491,
18,
1099,
982,
810,
16,
275,
10255,
12505,
275,
5993,
415,
275,
4265,
291,
275,
7617,
16,
408,
685,
6990,
297,
275,
393,
537,
669,
93,
3335,
1426,
16,
1131,
415,
324,
3636,
89,
305,
1077,
581,
3678,
18,
8970,
672,
305,
583,
850,
275,
570,
365,
8965,
2668,
357,
4724,
323,
2060,
4594,
13987,
9296,
16,
8007,
9441,
297,
275,
4754,
4631,
1421,
1426,
18,
3271,
4029,
539,
15427,
905,
291,
8092,
305,
2121,
323,
4754,
4631,
269,
16,
408,
275,
6990,
415,
1992,
3077,
404,
371,
850,
18,
203,
482,
1765,
1491,
4043,
3347,
275,
3453,
291,
275,
2188,
8175,
10255,
323,
434,
6519,
28853,
28078,
305,
5782,
830,
291,
1282,
16,
1376,
275,
570,
365,
16,
7119,
297,
788,
3747,
404,
443,
2376,
9885,
555,
788,
18,
380,
10255,
6990,
357,
2121,
323,
1170,
283,
16463,
323,
434,
1315,
323,
1017,
443,
3672,
1455,
971,
275,
4043,
291,
225,
23228,
29520,
18,
203,
203,
352,
2281,
10519,
203,
482,
10255,
357,
15117,
297,
849,
3657,
305,
357,
725,
291,
3638,
2320,
5046,
372,
275,
2363,
291,
7186,
1080,
18,
13633,
93,
76,
16285,
581,
9481,
9865,
581,
400,
5987,
323,
874,
1233,
275,
13638,
291,
275,
3101,
1867,
1451,
6962,
408,
275,
10255,
18,
203,
747,
365,
8965,
2668,
357,
5359,
5425,
323,
275,
444,
365,
5569,
8965,
1491,
16,
722,
404,
849,
3392,
1029,
275,
2363,
291,
4166,
16,
275,
570,
365,
8965,
2668,
357,
725,
291,
275,
5443,
291,
275,
6349,
1773,
5676,
313,
54,
58,
43,
47,
592,
571,
18717,
275,
13098,
365,
16,
16715,
1473,
16,
305,
1364,
365,
8965,
26195,
16,
305,
275,
612,
365,
7586,
5793,
3177,
18,
203,
2628,
3564,
606,
434,
17669,
408,
982,
365,
8965,
2668,
16,
587,
1271,
570,
365,
5569,
8965,
2668,
18,
203,
21062,
4026,
477,
1271,
275,
570,
365,
8965,
1262,
18,
1099,
982,
849,
3765,
16,
477,
1271,
275,
1971,
365,
8866,
8965,
1262,
18,
432,
816,
3704,
16,
477,
1271,
275,
1971,
365,
8965,
1262,
18,
1099,
371,
816,
2775,
16,
477,
357,
3393,
896,
404,
12773,
18,
380,
2674,
1271,
275,
1971,
365,
30316,
305,
29356,
409,
9426,
11196,
16,
725,
291,
1094,
2390,
19879,
5676,
18,
203,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
enwiki
| 21,471,592
|
2024-12-29T05:01:06Z
|
en
|
Q2472795
| 101,790
|
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = 1113–1115 Balearic Islands expedition
| partof = the [[Crusades]]
| image = Location map Taifa of Mallorca.svg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = The ''taifa'' of the Balearics (green), with its capital (Mallorca), the Crusaders' chief target, indicated.
| date = 1113–1115
| place = [[Balearic Islands]]
| result = Christian victory
| combatant1 = [[Republic of Pisa]]<br>[[Catalan counties]]<br>[[County of Provence]]<br>[[Giudicato of Torres]]<br>[[Papal States]]
| combatant2 = [[Taifa of Majorca]]<br>[[Almoravids]]
| combatant3 =
| commander1 = [[Pietro Moriconi]]<br>[[Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona]]<br>[[Hug II of Empúries]]<br>[[Saltaro of Torres]]
| commander2 = [[Abu-l-Rabi Sulayman]]{{POW}}<br>[[Abu al-Mundhir]]{{KIA}}
| strength1 = 300 Pisan ships<br>150 Catalan and Provençal ships
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = High
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Reconquista}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Almoravid Empire battles}}
In 1114, an '''expedition to the [[Balearic Islands]]''', then a [[Muslim]] ''[[taifa]]'', was launched in the form of a [[Crusade]]. Founded on a treaty of 1113 between the [[Republic of Pisa]] and [[Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona]], the expedition had the support of [[Pope Paschal II]] and the participation of many lords of [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonia]] and [[Occitania]], as well as contingents from northern and central [[Italy]], [[Sardinia]], and [[Corsica]]. The Crusaders were perhaps inspired by the [[Norwegian king]] [[Sigurd I of Norway|Sigurd I's]] attack on [[Formentera]] in 1108 or 1109 during the [[Norwegian Crusade]].<ref>Gary B. Doxey (1996), "Norwegian Crusaders and the Balearic Islands", ''Scandinavian Studies'', 10–11. In the ''Liber maiolichinus'' the Norwegian king is referred to only as ''rex Norgregius'', and is recorded as sailing with 100 ships, though the later [[saga]]s record sixty.</ref> The expedition ended in 1115 in the conquest of the Balearics, but only until the next year. The main source for the event is the Pisan ''[[Liber maiolichinus]]'', completed by 1125.
==Treaty and preparations==
In 1085 [[Pope Gregory VII]] had granted suzerainty over the Balearics to Pisa.<ref name=bishko>Charles Julian Bishko (1975), [http://libro.uca.edu/bishko/spr1.htm "The Spanish and Portuguese Reconquest, 1095–1492"], ''A History of the Crusades, Vol. 3: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries'', ed. Harry W. Hazard (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press), 405.</ref> In September 1113 a Pisan fleet making an expedition to [[Majorca]] was put off course by a storm and ended up near [[Blanes]] on the coast of Catalonia, which they initially mistook for the Balearics.<ref>Silvia Orvietani Busch (2001), ''Medieval Mediterranean Ports: The Catalan and Tuscan Coasts, 1100 to 1235'' (BRILL, {{ISBN|90-04-12069-6}}), 207. The fleet had left Pisa in August.</ref> The Pisans met with the Count of Barcelona in the port of [[Sant Feliu de Guíxols]], where on 7 September they signed a treaty ''causa corroborandae societatis et amicitiae'' ('for strengthening [their] alliance and friendship'). Specifically the Pisans were exempted from the ''[[usagium]]'' and the ''[[jus naufragii]]'' in all the territories, present and future, of the Count of Barcelona, though [[Arles]] and [[Saint-Gilles, Gard|Saint-Gilles]], in the recently acquired [[March of Provence]], were singled out for special mention (three times).<ref name=busch208>Busch, 208.</ref>
The only surviving copy of the treaty between Pisa and Barcelona is found interpolated in a charter of [[James I of Aragon|James I]] granted to Pisa in 1233. It affirms that the meeting was unplanned and apparently arranged by God.<ref>It records the Providential meeting of Pisans and Catalans as ''divino ducatu in portu Sancti Felicis prope Gerundam apud Barcinonam ''[''Pisanorum exercitus'']'' applicuisset'' (Busch, 207).</ref> Some scholars have expressed doubt about the lack of preparation, citing the Catalans' rapid response to the presence of the Pisans as evidence of some previous contact.<ref>Busch, 208 n4. Enrica Salvatori, [http://www.stm.unipi.it/clioh/tabs/libri/6/02-salvatori_13-32.pdf "Pisa in the Middle Ages: the Dream and the Reality of an Empire"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224214431/http://www.stm.unipi.it/clioh/tabs/libri/6/02-salvatori_13-32.pdf |date=2009-02-24 }}, ''Empires Ancient and Modern'', 19, likewise believes the familiarity of the author of the ''Liber maiolichinus'' with Catalan and Occitan geography points to longer and earlier Pisan contacts.</ref> The attribution of the meeting to [[Divine Providence|Providence]] alone may have been concocted to add an "aura of sacredness" to the alliance and the crusade.<ref name=busch208/>
The treaty, or what survives of it, does not refer to military cooperation or a venture against Majorca; perhaps that agreement was oral, or perhaps its record has been lost, but a Crusade was planned for 1114. The chief goal was the freeing of Christian captives and the suppression of Muslim piracy.<ref>Doxey, 13. The memory of Sigurd's abundant spoils may have played a secondary rôle.</ref> Most of the Pisan fleet returned to Pisa, but some ships damaged by the storm remained to be repaired and some men remained behind to construct [[siege engines]].<ref name=busch210>Busch, 210. During their winter in Catalonia, many Pisan knights reportedly wandered abroad into southern France (''Provintia'', [[Provence]], to the author of the ''Liber'') as far as [[Nîmes]] and Arles.</ref> In the spring of 1114 a new fleet of eighty ships arrived from Pisa, following the French coast, briefly staying at [[Marseille]].<ref>Many of the Pisans killed were buried at the [[Abbey of Saint Victor, Marseille|Abbey of Saint Victor]] in Marseille on the return trip, cf. Salvatori, 19.</ref>
The fleet brought with it [[Boso of Sant'Anastasia|Cardinal Bosone]], an envoy from Paschal II, who vigorously supported the expedition, authorising it in a [[Papal bull|bull]] as early as 1113.<ref name=bishko/> Paschal had also granted the Pisans the ''Romana signa, sedis apostolicae vexillum'' ("Roman standard, the flag of the apostolic see"),<ref>This is almost certainly the ''vexillum sancti Petri'' ("banner of Saint Peter") used by papal armies on other occasions. The pope also gave a processional cross to the Pisan archbishop, who gave it to a certain layman, Atho, to carry. Cf. [[Carl Erdmann]] (1977), ''The Origin of the Idea of Crusade'' (Princeton: Princeton University Press), 186, who points out that the banner of Saint Peter is not the basis for the later white cross on a red field associated with Pisa.</ref> and his appeals for the expedition had borne fruit. Besides the 300 ships of the Pisan contingent, there were 120 Catalan and Occitan vessels (plus a large army), contingents from the Italian cities of [[Florence]], [[Lucca]], [[Pistoia]], [[Rome]], [[Siena]], and [[Volterra]], and from Sardinia and Corsica under [[Saltaro of Torres|Saltaro]], the son of [[Constantine I of Logudoro]]. Among the Catalan princes there were Ramon Berenguer, [[Hug II of Empúries]], and [[Ramon Folc II of Cardona]].<ref name=busch210n12>Busch, 210 n12.</ref> The most important lords of Occitania participated, with the exception of the [[Count of Toulouse]], [[Alfonso Jordan]]: [[William V of Montpellier]], with twenty ships; [[Aimeric II of Narbonne]], with twenty ships; and [[Raymond I of Baux]], with seven ships.<ref name=busch210n12/> [[Bernard Ato IV]], the chief of the [[Trencavel]] family, also participated.<ref name=salvatori19>Salvatori, 19.</ref> Ramon Berenguer and his wife, [[Douce I of Provence|Douce]], borrowed 100 ''[[morabatins]]'' from the [[Ramon Guillem (Bishop of Barcelona)|Ramon Guillem]], the [[Bishop of Barcelona]], to finance the expedition.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
==Conquest and loss==
The combined Crusader fleet raided [[Ibiza]] in June, and destroyed its defences, since Ibiza lay between Majorca and the mainland and would have posed a continued threat during a siege. The ''Liber maiolichinus'' also records the taking of captives, who were trying to hide in ''careae'' (probably caves), on Formentera.<ref name=doxey11>Doxey, 11.</ref> Ibiza was under Crusader control by August.<ref name=salvatori19/> The Crusaders [[:wikt:invest#Verb|invested]] [[Palma de Majorca]] in August 1114.<ref name=busch211>Busch, 211.</ref> As the siege dragged on the counts of Barcelona and Empúries entered into peace negotiations with the Muslim ruler of Majorca, but the cardinal and [[Pietro Moriconi]], the [[Archbishop of Pisa]], interfered to put an end to the discussions. Probably the Catalan rulers, whose lands lay nearest the Balearics, expected an annual payment of ''[[parias]]'' (tribute) from the Muslims and the cessation of pirate raids in return for lifting the siege.<ref name=busch211/>
Muslim reinforcements, [[Almoravids]] from the Iberian port of [[Denia]], surprised a Pisan flotilla of six in the waters off Ibiza, with only two of the Pisan vessels making it to safety, which consisted of the remains of a fortress burned by the king of Norway a decade earlier.<ref name=doxey11/> In April 1115 the city capitulated and its entire population was enslaved. This victory was followed by the capture of most of the Balearics' major settlements and the freeing of most captive Christians on the islands. The independent Muslim ''taifa'' ruler was taken back to Pisa a captive.<ref>Giuseppe Scalia (1980), "Contributi pisani alla lotta anti-islamica nel Mediterraneo centro-occidentale durante il secolo XI e nei prime deceni del XII", ''Anuario de estudios medievales'', '''10''', 138.</ref> The greatest victory, however, was the annihilation of Majorcan piracy.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
The conquest of the Balearics lasted no more than a few months. In 1115 they were reconquered by the Almoravids of peninsular Iberia.<ref name=busch211/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFTJAwAAQBAJ&dq=On+30+May+Almoravid+troops+under+Ibn+al-Hajj+encountered+little+resistance+when+they+entered+and+put+an+end+to+the+last+of+the+Taifa+states.++Offensive+expeditions+continued+in+west+and+east%3A+Sir+b.+Abi+Bakr+led+an+expedition+in+1111+which+secured+the+Tagus+frontier+in+Portugal+with+the+occupation+of+Lisbon+and+Santarem%2C+and+in+1112+Ibn+al-Hajj+used+his+new+base+in+Zaragoza+to+raid+north+of+the+city+of+Huesca%2C+recendy+taken+by+the+Aragonese.+It+was+the+last+time+a+Muslim+army+was+ever+to+reach+the+foothills+of+the+Pyrenees&pg=PT135 |title=Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus |date=2014-06-11 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-87040-1 |language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |title=Pisa, Catalonia, and Muslim Pirates: Intercultural Exchanges in the Balearic Crusade of 1113–1115 |first=Matthew E. |last=Parker |pages=77–100 |journal=Viator |volume=45 |issue=2 |year=2014|doi=10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103913 }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1113-15 Balearic Islands expedition}}
[[Category:1113–1115 Balearic Islands expedition| ]]
[[Category:1110s conflicts]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1113]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1114]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1115]]
[[Category:Republic of Pisa]]
[[Category:12th-century crusades]]
[[Category:Crusades]]
| 1,265,898,312
|
[{"title": "1113\u20131115 Balearic Islands expedition", "data": {"Date": "1113\u20131115", "Location": "Balearic Islands", "Result": "Christian victory"}}, {"title": "Belligerents", "data": {"Republic of Pisa \u00b7 Catalan counties \u00b7 County of Provence \u00b7 Giudicato of Torres \u00b7 Papal States": "Taifa of Majorca \u00b7 Almoravids"}}, {"title": "Commanders and leaders", "data": {"Pietro Moriconi \u00b7 Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona \u00b7 Hug II of Emp\u00faries \u00b7 Saltaro of Torres": "Abu-l-Rabi Sulayman (POW) \u00b7 Abu al-Mundhir \u2020"}}, {"title": "Strength", "data": {"300 Pisan ships \u00b7 150 Catalan and Proven\u00e7al ships": "Unknown"}}, {"title": "Casualties and losses", "data": {"Unknown": "High"}}]
| false
|
[
7,
612,
913,
333,
954,
894,
2527,
469,
295,
4040,
8596,
203,
717,
612,
922,
16,
443,
8596,
323,
275,
2527,
469,
295,
4040,
16,
1131,
298,
10634,
18734,
16329,
16,
357,
5090,
297,
275,
1017,
291,
298,
19610,
18,
23266,
374,
298,
10110,
291,
612,
913,
1041,
275,
3014,
291,
26952,
305,
22606,
2118,
1037,
5710,
2743,
16,
999,
291,
6444,
16,
275,
8596,
633,
275,
1874,
291,
6084,
6204,
18682,
1095,
305,
275,
11570,
291,
1569,
354,
7561,
291,
20891,
305,
8918,
288,
2265,
16,
389,
1387,
389,
20927,
657,
447,
4017,
305,
3706,
3114,
16,
25664,
16,
305,
22296,
1264,
18,
380,
20756,
539,
11564,
8670,
404,
275,
5325,
3181,
9000,
4500,
342,
422,
2460,
374,
1134,
525,
2089,
297,
612,
1852,
521,
612,
1868,
1029,
275,
5325,
19610,
18,
380,
8596,
4077,
297,
612,
894,
297,
275,
19665,
291,
275,
2527,
469,
906,
16,
722,
1087,
1273,
275,
2405,
687,
18,
380,
1684,
6070,
372,
275,
1861,
377,
275,
318,
9811,
1351,
322,
928,
327,
464,
4513,
16,
2973,
404,
612,
1270,
18,
203,
203,
352,
7530,
305,
27961,
203,
717,
570,
3281,
6084,
9545,
8509,
633,
6625,
780,
5692,
429,
1240,
896,
275,
2527,
469,
906,
323,
26952,
18,
432,
809,
612,
913,
298,
318,
9811,
8185,
3402,
443,
8596,
323,
1472,
3822,
357,
3608,
758,
4732,
404,
298,
4164,
305,
4077,
914,
1424,
979,
8111,
374,
275,
3642,
291,
20891,
16,
587,
984,
4955,
9614,
942,
372,
275,
2527,
469,
906,
18,
380,
318,
22196,
1465,
408,
275,
999,
291,
6444,
297,
275,
2602,
291,
2760,
6291,
10410,
502,
1105,
1517,
92,
5753,
16,
1084,
374,
505,
809,
984,
3435,
298,
10110,
3178,
69,
2801,
350,
2062,
290,
1014,
2309,
985,
22292,
2763,
1284,
12670,
9376,
16750,
1374,
30921,
735,
1582,
355,
65,
11321,
305,
18637,
11,
592,
3111,
9082,
275,
318,
22196,
539,
20786,
281,
447,
275,
754,
398,
975,
305,
275,
700,
363,
361,
11797,
2078,
3525,
297,
830,
275,
13233,
16,
2058,
305,
5140,
16,
291,
275,
999,
291,
6444,
16,
4010,
545,
814,
305,
2821,
17,
43,
9890,
16,
297,
275,
7274,
6140,
816,
291,
29132,
16,
539,
1211,
1464,
905,
372,
2641,
4859,
313,
13895,
2931,
592,
203,
482,
1087,
10388,
12486,
291,
275,
10110,
1041,
26952,
305,
6444,
377,
1030,
1178,
29734,
495,
297,
298,
12054,
291,
1248,
342,
6625,
323,
26952,
297,
623,
1354,
18,
571,
2769,
18862,
479,
275,
4503,
357,
506,
678,
5189,
305,
12888,
8450,
404,
3580,
18,
4985,
8408,
874,
10329,
16075,
1159,
275,
5210,
291,
13490,
16,
18669,
275,
9448,
826,
11,
9036,
6780,
323,
275,
7571,
291,
275,
318,
22196,
389,
6424,
291,
1399,
2209,
9031,
18,
380,
969,
3729,
291,
275,
4503,
323,
12790,
8261,
1714,
874,
848,
448,
1692,
771,
323,
1457,
443,
424,
69,
2329,
291,
21652,
2382,
6,
323,
275,
11321,
305,
275,
27794,
688,
18,
203,
482,
10110,
16,
521,
2818,
23202,
291,
477,
16,
3502,
606,
4697,
323,
2901,
16291,
521,
298,
17330,
1252,
1472,
3822,
31,
11564,
479,
7297,
357,
23171,
16,
521,
11564,
685,
1166,
667,
848,
2704,
16,
722,
298,
19610,
357,
6938,
372,
612,
922,
18,
380,
4607,
3231,
357,
275,
3958,
303,
291,
2749,
29656,
305,
275,
1357,
6882,
291,
10634,
31975,
18,
4064,
291,
275,
318,
9811,
8185,
2595,
323,
26952,
16,
722,
1399,
5485,
9008,
404,
275,
4164,
3516,
323,
434,
24310,
305,
1399,
1937,
3516,
4348,
323,
18891,
9011,
10290,
18,
432,
275,
6831,
291,
612,
922,
298,
901,
8185,
291,
3062,
93,
5485,
5026,
447,
26952,
16,
1467,
275,
1216,
3642,
16,
9331,
21383,
415,
23653,
18,
203,
482,
8185,
4570,
408,
477,
10202,
6049,
701,
16,
443,
17047,
637,
447,
6204,
18682,
1095,
16,
699,
21432,
277,
4936,
5416,
275,
8596,
16,
2163,
2737,
477,
297,
298,
14926,
389,
1724,
389,
612,
913,
18,
6204,
18682,
633,
661,
6625,
275,
318,
22196,
275,
1963,
69,
1908,
69,
16,
11172,
283,
31705,
2357,
1014,
420,
1039,
417,
394,
3600,
15200,
4892,
16,
275,
6789,
291,
275,
31705,
2357,
3296,
7823,
305,
492,
28397,
372,
275,
8596,
633,
1711,
73,
10722,
18,
25776,
275,
6456,
5485,
291,
275,
318,
9811,
25033,
16,
1182,
539,
5187,
23432,
305,
28454,
11317,
313,
25461,
298,
2188,
3672,
533,
20927,
657,
447,
275,
1841,
6793,
291,
9803,
16,
3311,
3822,
16,
318,
12478,
418,
16,
3961,
16,
26245,
69,
16,
305,
2302,
376,
379,
16,
305,
447,
25664,
305,
22296,
1264,
971,
1945,
2959,
83,
16,
275,
2003,
291,
25528,
342,
291,
7943,
462,
9092,
18,
9155,
275,
23432,
27486,
1182,
539,
22606,
2118,
1037,
5710,
16,
5775,
1095,
291,
3266,
4395,
2392,
16,
305,
22606,
15809,
71,
1095,
291,
3140,
2241,
18,
380,
1222,
3562,
354,
7561,
291,
8918,
288,
2265,
5208,
16,
408,
275,
13561,
291,
275,
999,
291,
16347,
16,
12927,
7838,
30,
882,
421,
291,
19534,
26541,
16,
408,
6134,
5485,
31,
306,
9325,
295,
1095,
291,
4943,
27946,
16,
408,
6134,
5485,
31,
305,
7666,
342,
291,
320,
5011,
16,
408,
3480,
5485,
18,
5854,
306,
643,
4393,
16,
275,
4607,
291,
275,
29230,
71,
19697,
1291,
16,
661,
5208,
18,
22606,
2118,
1037,
5710,
305,
492,
3019,
16,
3286,
368,
16,
31529,
1356,
13948,
440,
278,
846,
447,
275,
22606,
1105,
12445,
16,
275,
4551,
291,
6444,
16,
323,
16177,
275,
8596,
18,
203,
203,
352,
968,
16623,
305,
3972,
203,
482,
6845,
27973,
8185,
908,
1757,
9695,
15410,
297,
844,
16,
305,
5515,
685,
22398,
16,
1732,
9695,
15410,
5409,
1041,
1472,
3822,
305,
275,
17706,
305,
1120,
874,
304,
1339,
298,
2972,
5576,
1029,
298,
9011,
18,
380,
1351,
322,
928,
327,
464,
4513,
661,
5384,
275,
4681,
291,
29656,
16,
699,
539,
10412,
323,
23264,
297,
5595,
1014,
313,
19136,
3272,
18504,
533,
374,
1134,
525,
2089,
18,
9695,
15410,
357,
971,
27973,
3103,
404,
820,
18,
380,
20756,
23917,
1891,
2072,
502,
1472,
3822,
297,
820,
612,
922,
18,
1195,
275,
9011,
16752,
3027,
374,
275,
24115,
291,
6444,
305,
3266,
4395,
2392,
4673,
918,
6626,
15499,
408,
275,
10634,
7572,
291,
1472,
3822,
16,
722,
275,
11520,
305,
10600,
1568,
295,
5838,
16,
275
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
enwiki
| 16,428,850
|
2024-07-16T17:07:13Z
|
en
|
Q2626367
| 81,994
|
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 11665 Dirichlet
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer = [[Paul Comba|P. G. Comba]]
| discovery_site = [[Prescott Observatory|Prescott Obs.]]
| discovered = 14 April 1997
| mpc_name = (11665) Dirichlet
| alt_names = {{mp|1997 GL|28}}
| pronounced =
| named_after = [[Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet]]<ref name="MPC-object" /><br />{{small|(German mathematician)}}
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]<ref name="MPC-object" />{{·}}({{small|[[Kirkwood gap|outer]]}})<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Griqua group|Griqua]]<ref name="Roig-2002" /><ref name="AstDys-object" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 27 April 2019 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458600.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 23.97 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (8,756 d)
| aphelion = 3.7625 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.7963 AU
| semimajor = 3.2794 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1473
| period = 5.94 yr (2,169 d)
| mean_anomaly = 298.55[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1660|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 15.787°
| asc_node = 215.21°
| arg_peri = 309.39°
| tisserand = 3.0980
| mean_diameter = {{val|6.803|0.358|ul=km}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="Ferret" />
| rotation =
| albedo = {{val|0.087|0.014}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" />
| spectral_type =
| abs_magnitude = 14.1<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />
}}
'''11665 Dirichlet''', provisional designation {{mp|1997 GL|28}}, is a [[Griqua asteroid]] and a [[Orbital resonance|2:1 Jupiter librator]] from the outermost regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|6.8|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 14 April 1997, by astronomer [[Paul Comba]] at the [[Prescott Observatory]] in Arizona, United States. The asteroid was named after German mathematician [[Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet]].<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Dirichlet'' is a [[Griqua asteroid]], a small dynamical group of asteroids located in the otherwise sparsely populated [[Hecuba gap]] (2:1 [[Orbital resonance|resonance]] with [[Jupiter]]), which is one of the largest [[Kirkwood gap]]s in the asteroid belt.<ref name="Roig-2002" /><ref name="AstDys-object" /> It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.8–3.8 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 5 years and 11 months (2,169 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 3.28 AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.15 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 16[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins prior to its official discovery observation with a [[precovery]] taken by [[Spacewatch]] in October 1994.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named after German mathematician [[Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet]] (1805–1859), who was the successor of [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] and the predecessor of [[Bernhard Riemann]] at the [[University of Göttingen]]. His contributions include the first rigorous proof that the [[Fourier series]] converges. The official {{MoMP|11665|naming citation}} was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 23 November 1999 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 36951}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== Physical characteristics ==
According to the survey carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Dirichlet'' measures 6.8 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.09.<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="Ferret" /> As of 2018, no rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Dirichlet'' has been obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations. The body's [[rotation period]], [[Poles of astronomical bodies|pole]] and shape remain unknown.<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2018-10-16 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 11665 Dirichlet (1997 GL28)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011665
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 4 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 11665 Dirichlet (1997 GL28)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=11665
|access-date = 4 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 4 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 11665 Dirichlet
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=11665+Dirichlet
|access-date = 4 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid (11665) Dirichlet – Proper elements
|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=11665&pc=1.1.6
|access-date = 4 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Roig-2002">{{Cite journal
|first1 = F. |last1 = Roig
|first2 = D. |last2 = Nesvorný
|first3 = S. |last3 = Ferraz-Mello
|date = September 2002
|title = Asteroids in the 2 : 1 resonance with Jupiter: dynamics and size distribution [ Erratum: 2002MNRAS.336.1391R ]
|journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
|volume = 335
|issue = 2
|pages = 417–431
|bibcode = 2002MNRAS.335..417R
|doi = 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05635.x
|doi-access = free
}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey
|first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
|first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
|first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
|first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
|first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen
|first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker
|first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright
|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date = November 2011
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 20
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv = 1109.4096
|access-date= 4 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (11665) Dirichlet
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=11665%7CDirichlet
|access-date = 4 December 2018}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs010001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|11665}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |11664 Kashiwagi |number=11665 |11666 Bracker}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dirichlet}}
[[Category:Griqua asteroids|011665]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Paul G. Comba]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1997|19970414]]
| 1,234,887,116
|
[{"title": "11665 Dirichlet", "data": {"Discovered by": "P. G. Comba", "Discovery site": "Prescott Obs.", "Discovery date": "14 April 1997"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(11665) Dirichlet", "Named after": "Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet \u00b7 (German mathematician)", "Alternative designations": "1997 GL28", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (outer) \u00b7 Griqua"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "23.97 yr (8,756 d)", "Aphelion": "3.7625 AU", "Perihelion": "2.7963 AU", "Semi-major axis": "3.2794 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.1473", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "5.94 yr (2,169 d)", "Mean anomaly": "298.55\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 9m 57.6s / day", "Inclination": "15.787\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "215.21\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "309.39\u00b0", "TJupiter": "3.0980"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Mean diameter": "6.803\u00b10.358 km", "Geometric albedo": "0.087\u00b10.014", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "14.1"}}]
| false
|
[
7,
612,
31907,
15649,
464,
1000,
203,
15319,
3090,
15649,
464,
1000,
16,
13522,
9880,
2738,
339,
48,
1442,
16,
377,
298,
5970,
16546,
3732,
305,
298,
314,
30,
21,
15197,
10868,
5720,
447,
275,
8266,
3455,
7557,
291,
275,
3732,
8387,
16,
4290,
475,
18,
28,
5143,
313,
24,
3831,
13,
297,
5105,
18,
571,
357,
4549,
374,
659,
849,
2738,
16,
404,
6065,
1656,
677,
4788,
415,
275,
5559,
11706,
6783,
297,
7609,
16,
887,
1135,
18,
380,
3732,
357,
1752,
812,
983,
7698,
2061,
9066,
640,
4197,
2997,
15649,
464,
1000,
18,
203,
203,
352,
14390,
305,
7429,
203,
40,
355,
464,
1000,
377,
298,
5970,
16546,
3732,
16,
298,
1793,
13632,
575,
1455,
291,
12953,
1573,
297,
275,
11130,
584,
1279,
842,
18029,
330,
390,
9468,
17792,
313,
22,
30,
21,
28482,
408,
15197,
533,
587,
377,
741,
291,
275,
4257,
7684,
2340,
384,
2893,
297,
275,
3732,
8387,
18,
571,
12641,
275,
2941,
415,
298,
5598,
291,
314,
18,
28,
333,
23,
18,
28,
489,
8501,
3629,
2694,
444,
1040,
305,
612,
3276,
313,
22,
16,
19943,
2282,
31,
6113,
17,
17881,
13031,
291,
383,
18,
1442,
489,
8501,
592,
3271,
8395,
667,
443,
13856,
291,
455,
18,
894,
305,
443,
13523,
291,
583,
615,
408,
3565,
323,
275,
13112,
18,
380,
3416,
422,
7375,
9599,
3769,
4760,
323,
685,
2693,
8407,
7375,
408,
298,
6044,
4865,
3393,
404,
8079,
91,
3234,
297,
797,
2734,
18,
203,
203,
352,
14669,
203,
2479,
3836,
7923,
357,
1752,
812,
983,
7698,
2061,
9066,
640,
4197,
2997,
15649,
464,
1000,
313,
711,
2053,
333,
711,
1658,
533,
699,
357,
275,
10249,
291,
2379,
7056,
6737,
988,
305,
275,
12537,
291,
19347,
8310,
14670,
415,
275,
1010,
291,
8896,
1981,
9489,
18,
1753,
9782,
2222,
275,
609,
16279,
13166,
17564,
479,
275,
340,
22342,
1565,
18750,
2564,
18,
380,
2693,
9911,
13710,
357,
1713,
404,
275,
6234,
10406,
3070,
374,
1027,
810,
2439,
313,
49,
18,
52,
18,
39,
18,
1887,
29,
2172,
592,
203,
203,
352,
10347,
8332,
203,
5672,
323,
275,
5693,
4637,
905,
404,
275,
15927,
3960,
291,
11690,
422,
12198,
17,
1792,
12399,
7442,
13883,
16,
15649,
464,
1000,
7566,
475,
18,
28,
5143,
297,
5105,
305,
685,
5211,
667,
443,
7218,
291,
455,
18,
1868,
18,
1195,
291,
1824,
16,
1287,
14590,
14702,
291,
15649,
464,
1000,
667,
848,
5808,
447,
15050,
9647,
18,
380,
3416,
422,
10330,
1906,
16,
17953,
305,
8190,
5258,
3049,
18,
203,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
enwiki
| 13,779,768
|
2024-07-07T13:14:56Z
|
en
|
Q752794
| 138,303
|
{{Short description|Dark background asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1159 Granada
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discoverer = [[Karl Reinmuth|K. Reinmuth]]
| discovery_site = [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory|Heidelberg Obs.]]
| discovered = 2 September 1929
| mpc_name = (1159) Granada
| alt_names = 1929 RD{{·}}1931 AR<br />1940 RS
| pronounced =
| named_after = [[Granada]] <ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(Spanish city and province)}}
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 87.84 yr (32,083 days)
| aphelion = 2.5184 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.2409 AU
| semimajor = 2.3797 AU
| eccentricity = 0.0583
| period = 3.67 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,341 days)
| mean_anomaly = 35.176[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2685|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 13.031°
| asc_node = 347.89°
| arg_peri = 313.33°
| dimensions = {{val|27.839|0.283}} km<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />{{val|28.641|0.460}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />29.94 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|29.98|0.9}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|30.14|9.34}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|30.26|0.11}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|30.26|0.29}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|34.65|12.83}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
| rotation = {{val|31}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Binzel-1987b" /><br />{{val|72.852|0.2429}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
| albedo = {{val|0.028|0.014}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.031|0.002}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />{{val|0.0379|0.0038}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.04|0.00}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.04|0.02}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />0.0439 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.047|0.001}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.0471|0.003}}<ref name="SIMPS" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]] {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} 0.680<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] {{=}} 0.360<ref name="jpldata" />
| abs_magnitude = {{val|11.385|0.001}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}11.55<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}11.58<ref name="Nugent-2016" />{{·}}11.63<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Binzel-1987b" />{{·}}{{val|11.78|0.43}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}11.81<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
}}
'''1159 Granada''', provisional designation {{mp|1929 RD}}, is a dark background [[asteroid]] and relatively slow rotator from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 2 September 1929, by astronomer [[Karl Reinmuth]] at the [[Heidelberg Observatory]] in southwest Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named for the Spanish city and province of [[Granada]].<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Granada'' is a background asteroid that does not belong to any known [[asteroid family]]. It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.5 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 8 months (1,341 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.06 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 13[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins nine days after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
Although ''Granada'' is an assumed [[S-type asteroid]],<ref name="lcdb" /> it has a notably low albedo ''(see below)'' for an asteroid of the inner main-belt, even below that of most [[C-type asteroid|carbonaceous]] asteroids.
=== Slow rotation ===
In September 1984, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Granada'' was obtained from photometric observations by astronomer [[Richard Binzel]]. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[rotation period]] of 31 hours with a brightness variation of 0.28 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Binzel-1987b" /> In October 2010, photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the [[Palomar Transient Factory]] gave a period of 72.852 hours and an amplitude of 0.24 ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /> While not being a [[List of slow rotators (minor planets)|slow rotator]], ''Granada''{{'}}s period is significantly longer than the typical 2 to 20 hours measures for most asteroids.
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Granada'' measures between 27.839 and 34.65 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.028 and 0.0471.<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.0439 and a diameter of 29.94 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 11.63.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named after [[Granada]], city and province in Andalusia in southern. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' by [[Paul Herget]] in 1955 ({{small|[[Herget's discovery circumstances|H 108]]}}).<ref name="springer" />
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-07-05 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1159 Granada (1929 RD)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001159
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 7 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1159) Granada
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 98
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1160 |chapter = (1159) Granada }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 1159 Granada (1929 RD)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1159
|access-date = 7 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey
|first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
|first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
|first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
|first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
|first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen
|first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker
|first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright
|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date = November 2011
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 20
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv = 1109.4096
|s2cid = 118745497 |access-date= 7 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1159) Granada
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1159%7CGranada
|access-date = 7 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794
|s2cid = 46350317 |access-date= 7 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date = December 2015
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 814
|issue = 2
|page = 13
|bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117
|arxiv = 1509.02522
|s2cid = 9341381 |access-date= 7 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer
|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 3
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923
|doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1159 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|volume = 12
|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|access-date = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407|s2cid = 35447010 }}</ref>
<ref name="Binzel-1987b">{{Cite journal
|author = Binzel, R. P.
|date = October 1987
|title = A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1987Icar...72..135B
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 72
|issue = 1
|pages = 135–208
|issn = 0019-1035
|bibcode = 1987Icar...72..135B
|doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4
|access-date= 7 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
|issue = 3
|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041
|s2cid = 8342929 |access-date= 7 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 7 September 2017}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|1159}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1158 Luda |number=1159 |1160 Illyria}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Granada}}
[[Category:Background asteroids|001159]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1929|19290902]]
| 1,233,136,867
|
[{"title": "1159 Granada", "data": {"Discovered by": "K. Reinmuth", "Discovery site": "Heidelberg Obs.", "Discovery date": "2 September 1929"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(1159) Granada", "Named after": "Granada \u00b7 (Spanish city and province)", "Alternative designations": "1929 RD \u00b7 1931 AR \u00b7 1940 RS", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (inner)"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "87.84 yr (32,083 days)", "Aphelion": "2.5184 AU", "Perihelion": "2.2409 AU", "Semi-major axis": "2.3797 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.0583", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "3.67 yr (1,341 days)", "Mean anomaly": "35.176\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 16m 6.6s / day", "Inclination": "13.031\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "347.89\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "313.33\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Dimensions": "27.839\u00b10.283 km \u00b7 28.641\u00b10.460 km \u00b7 29.94 km (derived) \u00b7 29.98\u00b10.9 km \u00b7 30.14\u00b19.34 km \u00b7 30.26\u00b10.11 km \u00b7 30.26\u00b10.29 km \u00b7 34.65\u00b112.83 km", "Synodic rotation period": "31 h \u00b7 72.852\u00b10.2429 h", "Geometric albedo": "0.028\u00b10.014 \u00b7 0.031\u00b10.002 \u00b7 0.0379\u00b10.0038 \u00b7 0.04\u00b10.00 \u00b7 0.04\u00b10.02 \u00b7 0.0439 (derived) \u00b7 0.047\u00b10.001 \u00b7 0.0471\u00b10.003", "Spectral type": "S (assumed) \u00b7 B\u2013V = 0.680 \u00b7 U\u2013B = 0.360", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "11.385\u00b10.001 (R) \u00b7 11.55 \u00b7 11.58 \u00b7 11.63 \u00b7 11.78\u00b10.43 \u00b7 11.81"}}]
| false
|
[
7,
612,
1658,
19663,
203,
11332,
29,
19663,
16,
13522,
9880,
3792,
324,
40,
16,
377,
298,
5371,
5281,
3732,
305,
8710,
7819,
5520,
1310,
447,
275,
9269,
7557,
291,
275,
3732,
8387,
16,
4290,
982,
5143,
297,
5105,
18,
571,
357,
4549,
374,
314,
809,
3792,
16,
404,
6065,
4374,
30087,
415,
275,
13955,
6783,
297,
7485,
2226,
18,
380,
3732,
357,
1752,
372,
275,
2722,
1621,
305,
4623,
291,
19663,
18,
203,
203,
352,
14390,
305,
7429,
203,
43,
498,
1484,
377,
298,
5281,
3732,
479,
3502,
606,
4601,
323,
1885,
1168,
3732,
1291,
18,
571,
12641,
275,
2941,
297,
275,
9269,
1684,
17,
14777,
415,
298,
5598,
291,
314,
18,
22,
333,
22,
18,
25,
489,
8501,
3629,
2694,
383,
1040,
305,
516,
3276,
313,
21,
16,
24856,
2282,
592,
3271,
8395,
667,
443,
13856,
291,
455,
18,
1804,
305,
443,
13523,
291,
672,
615,
408,
3565,
323,
275,
13112,
18,
380,
3416,
422,
7375,
9599,
3769,
4939,
2282,
812,
685,
2693,
8407,
7375,
415,
13955,
18,
203,
203,
352,
10347,
8332,
203,
10225,
19663,
377,
443,
10641,
294,
17,
7408,
3732,
16,
477,
667,
298,
11422,
3378,
7218,
313,
8131,
4526,
13,
372,
443,
3732,
291,
275,
9269,
1684,
17,
14777,
16,
2852,
4526,
479,
291,
1222,
18547,
12953,
18,
203,
203,
553,
27788,
10330,
203,
717,
809,
3314,
16,
298,
14590,
14702,
291,
19663,
357,
5808,
447,
15050,
9647,
404,
6065,
2102,
20646,
12290,
18,
12345,
7001,
3483,
298,
10330,
1906,
291,
1352,
4229,
408,
298,
14287,
13415,
291,
455,
18,
1442,
7074,
313,
57,
33,
22,
592,
432,
797,
1575,
16,
15050,
9647,
297,
275,
324,
17,
4101,
404,
21040,
415,
275,
21974,
2545,
1475,
11557,
3483,
298,
1906,
291,
4579,
18,
28,
2124,
4229,
305,
443,
18494,
291,
455,
18,
1360,
313,
57,
33,
22,
592,
4343,
606,
1317,
298,
7819,
5520,
1310,
16,
19663,
422,
1906,
377,
12160,
5795,
1362,
275,
10251,
314,
323,
371,
4229,
7566,
372,
1222,
12953,
18,
203,
203,
553,
15093,
305,
7218,
203,
5672,
323,
275,
15310,
4637,
905,
404,
275,
12399,
18044,
17620,
21478,
16,
275,
2422,
16773,
9140,
305,
275,
15927,
3960,
291,
11690,
422,
12198,
17,
1792,
12399,
7442,
13883,
16,
19663,
7566,
1041,
1073,
18,
30939,
305,
1971,
18,
3090,
5143,
297,
5105,
305,
685,
5211,
667,
298,
3378,
7218,
1041,
455,
18,
31307,
305,
455,
18,
30735,
21,
18,
203,
482,
15720,
14661,
12345,
9474,
18036,
443,
7218,
291,
455,
18,
2071,
1681,
305,
298,
5105,
291,
1121,
18,
3859,
5143,
1996,
374,
443,
11507,
7074,
291,
612,
18,
3008,
18,
203,
203,
352,
14669,
203,
2479,
3836,
7923,
357,
1752,
812,
19663,
16,
1621,
305,
4623,
297,
30212,
418,
297,
3774,
18,
380,
2693,
9911,
13710,
357,
6118,
297,
380,
13868,
291,
275,
6234,
25756,
404,
1656,
28527,
297,
4127,
313,
44,
8318,
592,
203,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
enwiki
| 52,497,218
|
2025-01-27T04:31:50Z
|
en
|
Q28449202
| 22,006
|
{{short description|Union Army infantry regiment}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 119th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry
| image =
| caption =
| dates = August 5, 1862 – June 19, 1865
| country = [[United States of America]]
| allegiance = [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
| branch = [[Infantry]]
| size = 1,216
| equipment = <!-- Culture and history -->
| battles = [[Battle of Fredericksburg]]<br/>[[Battle of Chancellorsville]]<br/>[[Battle of Brandy Station]]<br/>[[Battle of Gettysburg]]<br/>[[Bristoe Campaign]]<br/>[[Mine Run Campaign]]<br/>[[Battle of the Wilderness]]<br/>[[Battle of Spotsylvania Court House]]<br/>[[Battle of Totopotomoy Creek]]<br/>[[Battle of Cold Harbor]]<br/>[[Siege of Petersburg]]<br/>[[Battle of Fort Stevens]]<br/>[[Third Battle of Winchester]]<br/>[[Battle of Fort Stedman]]<br/>[[Appomattox Campaign]]<br/>[[Third Battle of Petersburg]]<br/>[[Battle of Appomattox Court House]]
}}
The '''119th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry''' was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] that served in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]].
==Service==
The 119th Pennsylvania Infantry was organized at [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]] beginning August 5, 1862 and mustered in August 15, 1862, for a three-year enlistment under the command of [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] [[Peter Clarkson Ellmaker]].
The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, [[VI Corps (Union Army)|VI Corps]], [[Army of the Potomac]], to February 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, VI Corps, Army of the Potomac, and [[Union Army of the Shenandoah|Army of the Shenandoah]] to June 1865.
The 119th Pennsylvania Infantry mustered out on June 19, 1865.
==Detailed service==
Moved to Washington, D.C., August 31 – September 1. Duty in the defenses of Washington until October. Duty at Hagerstown, Md., until October 29, 1862. Movement to Falmouth, Va., October 29 – November 19. Battle of Fredericksburg, Va., December 12–15. Burnside's 2nd Campaign, "Mud March," January 20–24, 1863. At White Oak Church until April. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27 – May 6. Operations at Franklin's Crossing April 29 – May 2. Bernard House April 29. Maryes Heights, Fredericksburg, May 3. Salem Heights May 3–4. Banks' Ford May 4. Gettysburg Campaign June 13 – July 24. Battle of Gettysburg July 2–4. Pursuit of Lee July 5–24. At and near Funkstown, Md., July 10–13. Bristoe Campaign October 9–22. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Rappahannock Station November 7. Mine Run Campaign November 26 – December 2. Duty near Brandy Station until May 1864. Rapidan Campaign May 4 – June 12. Battle of the Wilderness May 5–7. Spotsylvania May 8–12. Assault on the Salient May 12. North Anna River May 23–26. On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28. Totopotomoy May 28–31. Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 17–18. Weldon. Railroad June 22–23. Siege of Petersburg until July 9. Moved to Washington, D. C, July 9–11. Repulse of Early's attack on Washington July 11–12. Pursuit of Early July 14–22. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August to December. Demonstration on Gilbert's Ford, Opequan, September 13. Battle of Opequan, Winchester, September 19. Duty in the Shenandoah Valley until December. Moved to Petersburg, Va. Siege of Petersburg December 1864 to April 1865. Fort Fisher, Petersburg, March 25, 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28 – April 9. Assault on and fall of Petersburg April 2. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army, Moved to Danville April 23–27, and duty there until May 23. Moved to Richmond, then to Washington May 23 – June 3. Corps review June 8.
==Casualties==
The regiment lost a total of 213 men during service; 9 officers and 132 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 71 enlisted men died of disease.
==Commanders==
* Colonel [[Peter Clarkson Ellmaker]] – resigned January 12, 1864
* [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Gideon Clark – commanded the regiment following Col Ellmaker's resignation until muster out
==See also==
{{portal|American Civil War|Pennsylvania}}
* [[List of Pennsylvania Civil War Units]]
* [[Pennsylvania in the Civil War]]
==References==
* ''The 119th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers' Association'' (Philadelphia: The Association), 1889.
* Dyer, Frederick H. ''A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion'' (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908.
* Maier, Larry B. ''Rough and Regular: A History of Philadelphia's 119th Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, the Gray Reserves'' (Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street Press), 1997. {{ISBN|1-5724-9082-9}}
;Attribution
* {{CWR}}
==External links==
* [http://gettysburg.stonesentinels.com/union-monuments/pennsylvania/pennsylvania-infantry/119th-pennsylvania/ 119th Pennsylvania Infantry monuments at Gettysburg Battlefield]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1862]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Pennsylvania]]
| 1,272,101,485
|
[{"title": "119th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry", "data": {"Active": "August 5, 1862 \u2013 June 19, 1865", "Country": "United States of America", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "Infantry", "Size": "1,216", "Engagements": "Battle of Fredericksburg \u00b7 Battle of Chancellorsville \u00b7 Battle of Brandy Station \u00b7 Battle of Gettysburg \u00b7 Bristoe Campaign \u00b7 Mine Run Campaign \u00b7 Battle of the Wilderness \u00b7 Battle of Spotsylvania Court House \u00b7 Battle of Totopotomoy Creek \u00b7 Battle of Cold Harbor \u00b7 Siege of Petersburg \u00b7 Battle of Fort Stevens \u00b7 Third Battle of Winchester \u00b7 Battle of Fort Stedman \u00b7 Appomattox Campaign \u00b7 Third Battle of Petersburg \u00b7 Battle of Appomattox Court House"}}]
| false
|
[
7,
7071,
365,
3950,
2920,
1980,
203,
482,
7071,
365,
3950,
12659,
2920,
357,
443,
6930,
3595,
479,
1774,
297,
275,
1867,
1491,
1029,
275,
1013,
4086,
977,
18,
203,
203,
352,
3097,
203,
482,
7071,
365,
3950,
2920,
357,
5680,
415,
3857,
16,
3950,
4265,
820,
444,
16,
6581,
305,
13331,
297,
820,
600,
16,
6581,
16,
372,
298,
1070,
17,
2635,
7294,
366,
525,
971,
275,
4043,
291,
4730,
2061,
17761,
3914,
9221,
18,
203,
482,
3595,
357,
8157,
323,
284,
328,
3177,
16,
314,
1127,
1262,
16,
6704,
2668,
16,
1491,
291,
275,
21552,
16,
323,
892,
6495,
18,
383,
1473,
3177,
16,
284,
328,
1262,
16,
6704,
2668,
16,
1491,
291,
275,
21552,
16,
305,
1491,
291,
275,
10337,
5842,
716,
323,
844,
6005,
18,
203,
482,
7071,
365,
3950,
2920,
13331,
905,
374,
844,
335,
16,
6005,
18,
203,
203,
352,
27030,
2168,
203,
49,
4355,
323,
2568,
16,
329,
18,
39,
1970,
820,
1352,
399,
809,
284,
18,
16848,
297,
275,
18521,
291,
2568,
1273,
797,
18,
16848,
415,
330,
4482,
8592,
16,
309,
72,
1970,
1273,
797,
1121,
16,
6581,
18,
8656,
323,
30703,
16,
9208,
1970,
797,
1121,
399,
810,
335,
18,
2363,
291,
3493,
9649,
16,
9208,
1970,
850,
623,
333,
894,
18,
4966,
1940,
422,
314,
1127,
8753,
16,
424,
49,
462,
816,
4317,
788,
371,
333,
1360,
16,
6495,
18,
925,
2647,
6904,
2142,
1273,
849,
18,
450,
8948,
708,
1808,
8753,
849,
1073,
399,
759,
475,
18,
10747,
415,
7216,
422,
26174,
849,
1121,
399,
759,
314,
18,
5854,
1503,
849,
1121,
18,
2025,
282,
14190,
16,
3493,
9649,
16,
759,
383,
18,
16032,
14190,
759,
383,
333,
24,
18,
12646,
11,
4746,
759,
416,
18,
26346,
8753,
844,
672,
399,
857,
981,
18,
2363,
291,
26346,
857,
314,
333,
24,
18,
23655,
291,
3294,
857,
444,
333,
1360,
18,
925,
305,
1424,
22782,
8592,
16,
309,
72,
1970,
857,
570,
333,
913,
18,
728,
366,
1825,
8753,
797,
544,
333,
1302,
18,
19602,
323,
1703,
291,
275,
20840,
716,
821,
839,
810,
505,
333,
28,
18,
20840,
716,
821,
839,
2800,
810,
505,
18,
12216,
5542,
8753,
810,
994,
399,
850,
314,
18,
16848,
1424,
6179,
93,
2800,
1273,
759,
6237,
18,
6530,
14442,
8753,
759,
416,
399,
844,
623,
18,
2363,
291,
275,
24393,
759,
444,
333,
27,
18,
765,
2057,
3695,
759,
516,
333,
885,
18,
30837,
374,
275,
1945,
1475,
759,
623,
18,
1094,
5766,
1738,
759,
1027,
333,
1427,
18,
1099,
1703,
291,
275,
16014,
353,
1226,
759,
994,
333,
1442,
18,
959,
24447,
316,
637,
759,
1042,
333,
1941,
18,
11103,
12878,
844,
284,
333,
885,
18,
7994,
10430,
844,
555,
333,
711,
18,
26395,
274,
18,
7820,
844,
952,
333,
1414,
18,
9500,
291,
10430,
1273,
857,
544,
18,
16535,
323,
2568,
16,
329,
18,
301,
16,
857,
544,
333,
954,
18,
742,
387,
497,
291,
3141,
422,
2460,
374,
2568,
857,
612,
333,
885,
18,
23655,
291,
3141,
857,
659,
333,
1302,
18,
22826,
422,
10337,
5842,
716,
4076,
8753,
820,
323,
850,
18,
21705,
328,
2050,
374,
9266,
422,
4746,
16,
381,
2320,
28062,
16,
809,
672,
18,
2363,
291,
381,
2320,
28062,
16,
9855,
16,
809,
335,
18,
16848,
297,
275,
10337,
5842,
716,
4076,
1273,
850,
18,
16535,
323,
10430,
16,
9208,
18,
9500,
291,
10430,
850,
6237,
323,
849,
6005,
18,
3488,
9048,
16,
10430,
16,
816,
943,
16,
6005,
18,
2232,
316,
18155,
92,
8753,
816,
1042,
399,
849,
544,
18,
30837,
374,
305,
4748,
291,
10430,
849,
314,
18,
2232,
316,
18155,
92,
2689,
1503,
849,
544,
18,
18255,
3439,
291,
3294,
305,
492,
3672,
16,
16535,
323,
1833,
1808,
849,
1027,
333,
1477,
16,
305,
7712,
1182,
1273,
759,
1027,
18,
16535,
323,
6480,
16,
1131,
323,
2568,
759,
1027,
399,
844,
383,
18,
2668,
3643,
844,
516,
18,
203,
203,
352,
26314,
203,
482,
3595,
2704,
298,
2269,
291,
17742,
1937,
1029,
2168,
31,
544,
4608,
305,
11044,
11845,
1937,
3552,
521,
26894,
8428,
16,
284,
3754,
305,
4668,
11845,
1937,
1836,
291,
8480,
18,
203,
203,
352,
19477,
203,
17,
4730,
2061,
17761,
3914,
9221,
399,
6027,
788,
623,
16,
6237,
203,
17,
3105,
4730,
339,
649,
274,
4626,
399,
9655,
275,
3595,
1467,
786,
3914,
9221,
422,
9379,
1273,
3676,
272,
905,
459,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
enwiki
| 34,833
|
2024-05-15T07:15:54Z
|
en
|
Q172453
| 122,464
|
{{Short description|Decade}}
[[File:Section of Hadrian's Wall 1.jpg|thumb|258x258px|A view of [[Hadrian's Wall]], which began construction in 122.]]
{{Decadebox|12}}
The '''120s''' was a decade that ran from January 1, AD 120, to December 31, AD 129.
During this decade, the [[Roman Empire]] was ruled by Emperor [[Hadrian]] (r. 117–138). In the prior decade, he had succeeded Emperor [[Trajan]], who had expanded the empire to its greatest extent. Hadrian, in contrast, adopted a more defensive foreign policy, focusing on consolidating the empire's borders and improving its infrastructure, such as [[Hadrian's Wall]] in Britain. There was almost a renewed war with Parthia, but the threat was averted when Hadrian succeeded in negotiating a peace in 123 (according to the ''[[Historia Augusta]]'', disputed).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Doležal |first=Stanislav |date=2017 |title=Did Hadrian Ever Meet a Parthian King? |url=https://www.academia.edu/33969517 |journal=AUC Philologica |volume=2017 |issue=2 |pages=111–125 |doi=10.14712/24646830.2017.16 |issn=2464-6830|doi-access=free }}</ref> Furthermore, Hadrian enacted, through the jurist [[Salvius Julianus]], the first attempt to codify Roman law. This was the [[Praetor's Edict|Perpetual Edict]], according to which the legal actions of [[praetor]]s became fixed statutes and, as such, could no longer be subjected to personal interpretation or change by any magistrate other than the Emperor.<ref>Laura Jansen, ''The Roman Paratext: Frame, Texts, Readers'', Cambridge University Press, 2014, {{ISBN|978-1-107-02436-6}} p. 66</ref><ref>Kathleen Kuiper (Editor), ''Ancient Rome: From Romulus and Remus to the Visigoth Invasion'', New York: Britannica Educational Publishing, 2010, {{ISBN|978-1-61530-207-9}} p. 133</ref>
The Chinese [[Eastern Han dynasty]] saw the death of regent [[Deng Sui]] in 121, after which [[Emperor An of Han|Emperor An]] took on the reins of the imperial administration. In 121, there were again [[Qiang (historical people)|Qiang]] and [[Xianbei]] rebellions, which would continue to plague Emperor An for the rest of his reign. The only border where there were Han accomplishments during Emperor An's reign was on the northwestern front—the Xiyu (modern [[Xinjiang]] and former Soviet [[central Asia]])—where [[Ban Chao]]'s son [[Ban Yong]] ({{lang|zh|班勇}}) was able to reestablish Han dominance over a number of kingdoms. Emperor An was succeeded by [[Marquess of Beixiang]] in 125, who reigned for a short time before being succeeded by [[Emperor Shun of Han]] that same year. At the start of Emperor Shun's reign, the people were hopeful that he would reform the political situation from the pervasive corruption under the Yans. However, the teenage emperor proved to be a kind but weak ruler. While he trusted certain honest officials, he also trusted many corrupt eunuchs, who quickly grabbed power.
{{Events by year for decade|12}}
==Significant people==
* [[Hadrian]], Roman Emperor ([[AD 117|117]]–[[AD 138|138]])
{{Births and deaths by year for decade|12}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:120s}}
[[Category:120s| ]]
| 1,223,932,261
|
[]
| false
|
[
7,
5187,
87,
203,
482,
5187,
87,
357,
298,
9283,
479,
4079,
447,
788,
284,
16,
7758,
5187,
16,
323,
850,
1352,
16,
7758,
11762,
18,
203,
4558,
778,
9283,
16,
275,
1963,
3474,
357,
10441,
404,
4153,
8922,
2590,
313,
86,
18,
6684,
333,
16375,
592,
432,
275,
4760,
9283,
16,
446,
633,
6039,
4153,
1676,
5580,
16,
699,
633,
7630,
275,
20893,
323,
685,
10983,
14393,
18,
8922,
2590,
16,
297,
9830,
16,
6709,
298,
1152,
10075,
6454,
6601,
16,
16775,
374,
14102,
1214,
275,
20893,
422,
11659,
305,
17724,
685,
13083,
16,
1459,
389,
8922,
2590,
422,
3804,
297,
3465,
18,
2047,
357,
4536,
298,
17062,
2263,
408,
1241,
22215,
16,
722,
275,
5576,
357,
298,
6248,
1071,
8922,
2590,
6039,
297,
11053,
1214,
298,
6626,
297,
11161,
313,
9327,
2076,
323,
275,
26584,
17126,
16,
21125,
592,
17152,
16,
8922,
2590,
25468,
16,
1200,
275,
16827,
7812,
1487,
10546,
363,
16,
275,
609,
3879,
323,
13579,
4741,
1963,
2035,
18,
1174,
357,
275,
1525,
10390,
784,
886,
792,
16,
5002,
323,
587,
275,
5499,
8591,
291,
6258,
344,
708,
1271,
11370,
2268,
3587,
305,
16,
389,
1459,
16,
2117,
1287,
5795,
434,
25894,
323,
5285,
16260,
521,
4639,
404,
1885,
26301,
863,
1362,
275,
4153,
18,
203,
482,
2881,
3084,
4074,
7038,
3946,
275,
1866,
291,
13326,
30781,
2039,
77,
297,
9315,
16,
812,
587,
4153,
556,
1680,
374,
275,
367,
846,
291,
275,
12133,
6715,
18,
432,
9315,
16,
1182,
539,
1018,
768,
4238,
305,
23706,
27938,
3779,
486,
642,
16,
587,
1120,
6546,
323,
25449,
4153,
556,
372,
275,
2030,
291,
492,
6261,
18,
225,
380,
1087,
5993,
1084,
1182,
539,
4074,
11586,
23600,
1029,
4153,
556,
422,
6261,
357,
374,
275,
17479,
3043,
2584,
1582,
1227,
2989,
89,
313,
12819,
16027,
13135,
305,
1439,
3101,
3706,
5848,
13,
2584,
9026,
6467,
25447,
422,
2003,
6467,
10015,
313,
168,
242,
260,
19763,
234,
13,
357,
4126,
323,
367,
406,
15066,
4074,
9279,
690,
896,
298,
1345,
291,
30507,
18,
4153,
556,
357,
6039,
404,
11413,
291,
1340,
879,
4238,
297,
7687,
16,
699,
367,
1313,
372,
298,
2169,
941,
1329,
1317,
6039,
404,
4153,
24715,
291,
4074,
479,
1623,
687,
18,
925,
275,
1445,
291,
4153,
24715,
422,
6261,
16,
275,
1490,
539,
7645,
12365,
479,
446,
1120,
5872,
275,
2964,
7757,
447,
275,
304,
532,
28027,
18958,
971,
275,
504,
826,
18,
225,
2262,
16,
275,
28465,
10146,
9732,
323,
434,
298,
7735,
722,
9676,
7572,
18,
225,
4343,
446,
8013,
281,
5154,
29142,
8315,
16,
446,
661,
8013,
281,
1569,
2801,
6449,
375,
353,
1476,
87,
16,
699,
7109,
25444,
7247,
2612,
18,
203,
203,
352,
3158,
203,
203,
553,
5187,
203,
203,
1466,
2041,
1285,
203,
203,
8050,
1963,
3474,
203,
17,
4153,
8922,
2590,
13540,
3465,
18,
203,
17,
25703,
25922,
377,
5502,
297,
3465,
18,
203,
17,
306,
393,
29486,
14767,
514,
25033,
13540,
408,
8922,
2590,
18,
203,
17,
2039,
6052,
1487,
3778,
8922,
2590,
422,
7625,
732,
5261,
366,
5236,
18,
203,
17,
24279,
2256,
748,
428,
2207,
702,
11793,
26438,
1493,
1851,
1168,
323,
434,
297,
9233,
18,
748,
428,
380,
8788,
11123,
291,
7162,
1000,
363,
377,
1791,
415,
7162,
1000,
391,
313,
81,
4355,
297,
3432,
2931,
323,
15064,
278,
28957,
20112,
279,
22071,
4166,
16,
2156,
89,
6599,
11341,
393,
671,
2599,
282,
1919,
16,
3924,
751,
595,
5722,
28842,
592,
459,
203,
8050,
5848,
203,
17,
10437,
291,
6977,
1384,
447,
13897,
19627,
313,
27,
365,
687,
13,
323,
10015,
3458,
291,
275,
2881,
3084,
4074,
7038,
18,
203,
17,
380,
695,
14032,
2219,
9279,
426,
4473,
2150,
30,
12404,
16,
14556,
16,
275,
1859,
291,
23444,
305,
298,
8193,
291,
3706,
2150,
18,
459,
203,
553,
9315,
203,
203,
1466,
2041,
1285,
203,
203,
8050,
1963,
3474,
203,
17,
1963,
5703,
297,
2058,
17,
1500,
24131,
70,
13634,
16,
2226,
16,
377,
609,
6118,
18,
203,
17,
4153,
8922,
2590,
9515,
282,
275,
5993,
1041,
1963,
3465,
305,
18972,
16,
374,
298,
1703,
5420,
447,
275,
1738,
24750,
323,
275,
3839,
828,
27406,
18,
203,
17,
8968,
291,
275,
6157,
291,
20809,
305,
15403,
3769,
297,
3961,
18,
459,
203,
8050,
5848,
203,
17,
19696,
1384,
5152,
447,
10015,
3458,
313,
22,
1127,
687,
13,
323,
19182,
4172,
588,
297,
275,
2881,
3084,
4074,
7038,
18,
12,
50,
1507,
87,
13660,
2244,
521,
502,
30006,
13,
459,
203,
553,
9188,
203,
203,
1466,
2041,
1285,
203,
203,
8050,
1963,
3474,
203,
17,
4153,
8922,
2590,
6983,
479,
298,
4710,
17,
9883,
313,
11300,
17,
17635,
18063,
13,
6611,
434,
1791,
323,
2300,
275,
4017,
1963,
3474,
1451,
18708,
11862,
275,
1426,
18,
8922,
2590,
422,
3804,
16,
389,
477,
6548,
323,
434,
1168,
16,
377,
6336,
323,
5345,
275,
12655,
15282,
16,
9046,
513,
305,
863,
14657,
415,
10393,
904,
24,
65,
203,
17,
421,
769,
327,
3828,
16,
298,
1963,
28514,
4940,
313,
2342,
6572,
13,
297,
4017,
1322,
16,
377,
12374,
281,
404,
23875,
465,
9816,
6553,
437,
11804,
18,
203,
17,
809,
672,
399,
380,
1816,
291,
8922,
2590,
422,
3804,
3769,
18,
203,
17,
8922,
2590,
7015,
914,
275,
13233,
26469,
297,
2890,
18,
459,
203,
8050,
5848,
203,
17,
10437,
291,
6977,
1384,
447,
19182,
4172,
588,
313,
22,
1127,
687,
13,
323,
504,
2314,
588,
291,
275,
2881,
3084,
4074,
7038,
18,
459,
203,
553,
11161,
203,
203,
1466,
2041,
1285,
203,
203,
8050,
1963,
3474,
203,
17,
4153,
8922,
2590,
13403,
513,
298,
2263,
408,
1241,
22215,
404,
298,
5285,
4503,
408,
3569,
350,
282,
342,
313,
9327,
2076,
323,
275,
26584,
17126,
16,
21125,
4797,
25,
65,
203,
17,
13610,
18456,
87,
3488,
377,
5502,
374,
8922,
2590,
422,
3804,
1859,
291,
15729,
274,
2367,
18,
203,
17,
8922,
2590,
422,
7401,
415,
311,
356,
5000,
377,
1791,
18,
203,
17,
380,
6157,
291,
536,
17,
30555,
297,
1891,
958,
379,
377,
6167,
29864,
1041,
778,
687,
305,
15444,
7758,
18,
459,
203,
8050,
5848,
203,
17,
432,
2503,
16,
6467,
10015,
16,
2003,
291,
6467,
25447,
16,
367,
406,
440,
17267,
275,
2881,
3103,
896,
275
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
enwiki
| 61,174,342
|
2024-07-18T17:42:28Z
|
en
|
Q128588
| 151,975
|
{{short description|Star in the constellation Lacerta}}
{{Starbox begin}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[Image:DDLacLightCurve.png|250px]]
| caption = A [[light curve]] for DD Lacertae, plotted from [[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite|''TESS'']] data<ref name=MAST/>
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000
| constell = [[Lacerta (constellation)|Lacerta]]
| ra = {{RA|22|41|28.64920}}<ref name=GaiaEDR3/>
| dec = {{DEC|+40|13|31.6192}}<ref name=GaiaEDR3/>
| appmag_v = 5.228<ref name=hohle2010/>
}}
{{Starbox character
| type =
| class = B1.5III<ref name=Lesh1968/>
| b-v = −0.142<ref name=hohle2010/>
| u-b =
| variable = [[Beta Cephei variable|β Cep]]<ref name=Handler2006/>
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = {{Val|−12.5|2.2}}<ref name=Anderson2012/>
| prop_mo_ra = −2.005
| prop_mo_dec = −4.512
| om_footnote = <ref name=GaiaEDR3/>
| parallax = 2.5877
| p_error = 0.1327
| parallax_footnote = <ref name=GaiaEDR3/>
| absmag_v = −3.02<ref name=Anderson2012/>
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass = {{Val|9.5|0.3}}<ref name=Tetzlaff2011/>
| radius = 8.4<ref name=CADARS/>
| temperature = {{Val|23809|450|fmt=commas}}<ref name=Huang2010/>
| luminosity_bolometric = 8,877<ref name=hohle2010/>
| rotational_velocity = {{Val|44|6}}<ref name=Lefever2010/>
| gravity = {{Val|3.817|0.047}}<ref name=Huang2010/>
| metal_fe = −0.41<ref name=Gies1992/>
| age_myr = {{Val|21.8|3.1}}<ref name=Tetzlaff2011/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | F=12 Lac | V=DD Lac | BD=+39°4912 | GC=31670 | HD=214993 | HIP=112031 | HR=8640 | SAO=72627 | WDS=J22415+4014A }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = 12+Lac
}}
{{Starbox end}}
'''12 Lacertae''' is a wide [[binary star]]<ref name=Eggleton2008/> system in the northern [[constellation]] of [[Lacerta (constellation)|Lacerta]], located roughly 1,260 [[light year]]s away from the Sun based on [[stellar parallax|parallax]].<ref name=GaiaEDR3/> It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, blue-white hued point of light with a baseline [[apparent visual magnitude]] of 5.23.<ref name=hohle2010/> The system is drifting closer to the Earth with a mean heliocentric [[radial velocity]] of –12.5.<ref name=Anderson2012/> It is a probable member of the I Lacertae [[OB association]] (Lac OB1).<ref name=Lesh1969/><ref name=Wolff2007/><ref name=Kaltcheva2009/>
The primary component is a [[Beta Cephei variable]]<ref name=Handler2006/> with a [[stellar classification]] of B1.5III,<ref name=Lesh1968/> matching a [[B-type star]] with the [[luminosity class]] of a [[giant star]]. It has been known to be [[variable star|variable]] for more than a century and has been extensively studied.<ref name=Desmet2009/> The variable radial velocity of the star was discovered by [[Walter Sydney Adams|W. S. Adams]] in 1912, and the light variations were established by 1919. The [[Stellar pulsation|pulsational]] nature of the variability was shown by [[Paul Ledoux|P. Ledoux]] in 1951, which led to one of the first world-wide observing campaigns with the star as its target. Dutch mathematician F. J. M. Barning analyzed the resulting data in 1963 and found four separate cycles of variation. By 1994, six periods had been confirmed.<ref name=Handler2006/>
The [[variable star designation]] of the primary is '''DD Lacertae''',<ref name=Samus2017/> while ''12 Lacertae'' is the [[Flamsteed designation]].<ref name=SIMBAD/> In general terms it varies in magnitude from 5.16 down to 5.28 with a period of {{Convert|0.1930924|days|hours|2|disp=out|abbr=off}}.<ref name=Samus2017/> As many as eleven different frequencies have been detected, with the dominant cycle showing a [[frequency]] of 5.179034 cycles per day. Curiously, three of the frequencies form an equally-spaced triplet with cycles of 5.179, 5.334, and 5.490 per day, although this alignment appears to be a coincidence.<ref name=Handler2006/> It is a [[hybrid pulsator]], showing mixed behaviors of a Beta Cephei variable and a [[slowly pulsating B-type star]].<ref name=DaszyńskaDaszkiewicz2013/>
The primary is a [[massive star]], having 9.5<ref name=Tetzlaff2011/> times the [[mass of the Sun]] and an age of only 22<ref name=Tetzlaff2011/> million years old. It has about 8.4<ref name=CADARS/> times the girth of the Sun. The averaged quadratic field strength of the surface [[stellar magnetic field|magnetic field]] is {{Val|2352.3|1604.9|e=−4|ul=T|fmt=commas}}.<ref name=Bychkov2003/> It is radiating 8,877<ref name=hohle2010/> times the [[luminosity of the Sun]] from its [[photosphere]] at an [[effective temperature]] of 23,809 K.<ref name=Huang2010/> The estimated rotational velocity of the primary at the equator is {{Val|52|5|u=km/s}};<ref name=Dziembowski2008/> about 10% of its break-up velocity.<ref name=DaszyńskaDaszkiewicz2013/> However, seismic models suggest the core region is rotating much more rapidly with a rotational velocity of up to {{Val|100|u=km/s}}, and thus the star is undergoing differential rotation.<ref name=Dziembowski2008/>
The companion is an [[A-type main-sequence star]] with a [[stellar classification]] of A3V and visual magnitude 9.2. As of 2008, it had an [[angular separation]] of {{Val|69|ul=arcsecond}} from the primary.<ref name=Eggleton2008/> There is a faint [[infrared]] [[nebulosity]] at a separation of {{Convert|0.19|pc|ly|1|disp=out|abbr=off}} from the pair that is most likely a [[bow shock]].<ref name=Bodensteiner2018/>
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=MAST>{{cite web |title=MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes |url=https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Clients/Mast/Portal.html |publisher=Space Telescope Science Institute |access-date=8 December 2021}}</ref>
<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad | title=12 Lac | access-date=2019-06-27 }}</ref>
<ref name=GaiaEDR3>{{Cite Gaia EDR3|1932278646577186688}}</ref>
<ref name=Kaltcheva2009>{{citation
| title=Lacerta OB1 Revisited | postscript=.
| last1=Kaltcheva | first1=Nadia
| journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
| volume=121 | issue=884 | pages=1045–1053 | date=October 2009
| doi=10.1086/606037 | bibcode=2009PASP..121.1045K | s2cid=120329065
| doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=Tetzlaff2011>{{citation
| display-authors=1 | last1=Tetzlaff | first1=N.
| last2=Neuhäuser | first2=R. | last3=Hohle | first3=M. M.
| title=A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun
| journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
| volume=410 | issue=1 | pages=190–200 | date=January 2011
| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x | doi-access=free | bibcode=2011MNRAS.410..190T
| postscript=. | arxiv=1007.4883 | s2cid=118629873 }}</ref>
<ref name=Lefever2010>{{citation
| last1=Lefever | first1=K. | last2=Puls | first2=J.
| last3=Morel | first3=T. | last4=Aerts | first4=C.
| last5=Decin | first5=L. | last6=Briquet | first6=M.
| title=Spectroscopic determination of the fundamental parameters of 66 B-type stars in the field-of-view of the CoRoT satellite
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | display-authors=1
| volume=515 | page=A74 |date=June 2010
| bibcode=2010A&A...515A..74L | arxiv=0910.2851
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200911956 | s2cid=54028925 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=hohle2010>{{citation
| last1=Hohle | first1= M. M.
| last2=Neuhäuser | first2= R. | last3=Schutz | first3=B. F.
| title=Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants
| journal=Astronomische Nachrichten
| volume=331 | issue=4 | pages=349–360 | year=2010
| bibcode=2010AN....331..349H | postscript=.
| doi=10.1002/asna.200911355 | arxiv=1003.2335 | s2cid= 111387483
}}</ref>
<ref name=Desmet2009>{{citation
| title=An asteroseismic study of the β Cephei star 12 Lacertae: multisite spectroscopic observations, mode identification and seismic modelling
| display-authors=1 | last1=Desmet | first1=M.
| last2=Briquet | first2=M. | last3=Thoul | first3=A.
| last4=Zima | first4=W. | last5=De Cat | first5=P.
| last6=Handler | first6=G. | last7=Ilyin | first7=I.
| last8=Kambe | first8=E. | last9=Krzesinski | first9=J.
| last10=Lehmann | first10=H. | last11=Masuda | first11=S.
| last12=Mathias | first12=P. | last13=Mkrtichian | first13=D. E.
| last14=Telting | first14=J. | last15=Uytterhoeven | first15=K.
| last16=Yang | first16=S. L. S. | last17=Aerts | first17=C.
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume=396 | issue=3 | pages=1460–1472 | date=July 2009
| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14790.x | doi-access=free | arxiv=0903.5477
| bibcode=2009MNRAS.396.1460D | s2cid=53526744 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=Eggleton2008>{{citation
| last1=Eggleton | first1=P. P. | last2=Tokovinin | first2=A. A.
| title=A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems
| journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
| volume=389 | issue=2 | pages=869–879 | date=September 2008
| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x | doi-access=free | arxiv=0806.2878
| bibcode=2008MNRAS.389..869E | s2cid=14878976 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=Lesh1969>{{citation
| title=Internal motions in the associations II Per and I Lac.
| last1=Lesh | first1=J. R. | postscript=.
| journal=Astronomical Journal
| volume=74 | pages=891–898 | date=September 1969
| doi=10.1086/110878 | bibcode=1969AJ.....74..891L }}</ref>
<ref name=Handler2006>{{citation
| title=Asteroseismology of the β Cephei star 12 (DD) Lacertae: photometric observations, pulsational frequency analysis and mode identification
| display-authors=1 | last1=Handler | first1=G.
| last2=Jerzykiewicz | first2=M. | last3=Rodríguez | first3=E.
| last4=Uytterhoeven | first4=K. | last5=Amado | first5=P. J.
| last6=Dorokhova | first6=T. N. | last7=Dorokhov | first7=N. I.
| last8=Poretti | first8=E. | last9=Sareyan | first9=J. -P.
| last10=Parrao | first10=L. | last11=Lorenz | first11=D.
| last12=Zsuffa | first12=D. | last13=Drummond | first13=R.
| last14=Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz | first14=J. | last15=Verhoelst | first15=T.
| last16=De Ridder | first16=J. | last17=Acke | first17=B.
| last18=Bourge | first18=P. -O. | last19=Movchan | first19=A. I.
| last20=Garrido | first20=R. | last21=Paparó | first21=M.
| last22=Sahin | first22=T. | last23=Antoci | first23=V.
| last24=Udovichenko | first24=S. N. | last25=Csorba | first25=K.
| last26=Crowe | first26=R. | last27=Berkey | first27=B.
| last28=Stewart | first28=S. | last29=Terry | first29=D.
| last30=Mkrtichian | first30=D. E. | last31=Aerts | first31=C.
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume=365 | issue=1 | pages=327–338 | date=January 2006
| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09728.x | doi-access=free | arxiv=astro-ph/0510326
| bibcode=2006MNRAS.365..327H | s2cid=122766497 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=Lesh1968>{{citation | postscript=.
| last=Lesh | first=Janet Rountree
| title=The Kinematics of the Gould Belt: an Expanding Group?
| journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement
| volume=17 | page=371 | date=December 1968
| doi=10.1086/190179 | bibcode=1968ApJS...17..371L | doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name=Huang2010>{{citation
| title=A Stellar Rotation Census of B Stars: From ZAMS to TAMS
| display-authors=1 | last1=Huang | first1=W.
| last2=Gies | first2=D. R. | last3=McSwain | first3=M. V.
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal
| volume=722 | issue=1 | pages=605–619 | year=2010
| bibcode=2010ApJ...722..605H | postscript=.
| doi=10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/605 | arxiv=1008.1761 | s2cid=118532653 }}</ref>
<ref name=Wolff2007>{{citation
| title=Rotational Velocities for B0-B3 Stars in Seven Young Clusters: Further Study of the Relationship between Rotation Speed and Density in Star-Forming Regions
| last1=Wolff | first1=S. C. | last2=Strom | first2=S. E.
| last3=Dror | first3=D. | last4=Venn | first4=K.
| journal=The Astronomical Journal
| volume=133 | issue=3 | pages=1092–1103 | date=March 2007
| doi=10.1086/511002 | arxiv=astro-ph/0702133
| bibcode=2007AJ....133.1092W | s2cid=119074863 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=Anderson2012>{{citation
| last1=Anderson | first1=E. | last2=Francis | first2=Ch.
| title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation
| journal=Astronomy Letters
| volume=38 | issue=5 | pages=331 | year=2012
| bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A | arxiv=1108.4971
| doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015 | s2cid=119257644 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=Dziembowski2008>{{citation
| title=The two hybrid B-type pulsators: ν Eridani and 12 Lacertae
| last1=Dziembowski | first1=W. A. | last2=Pamyatnykh | first2=A. A.
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume=385 | issue=4 | pages=2061–2068 | date=April 2008
| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12964.x | doi-access=free | postscript=.
| bibcode=2008MNRAS.385.2061D | arxiv=0801.2451 | s2cid=16027828 }}</ref>
<ref name=Samus2017>{{citation
| title=General catalogue of variable stars | version=5.1
| last1=Samus' | first1=N. N | last2=Kazarovets | first2=E. V
| last3=Durlevich | first3=O. V | last4=Kireeva | first4=N. N
| last5=Pastukhova | first5=E. N | journal=Astronomy Reports
| volume=61 | issue=1 | pages=80 | year=2017 | postscript=.
| doi=10.1134/S1063772917010085 | bibcode=2017ARep...61...80S | s2cid=125853869
}}</ref>
<ref name=DaszyńskaDaszkiewicz2013>{{citation
| title=The β Cep/SPB star 12 Lacertae: extended mode identification and complex seismic modelling
| display-authors=1 | last1=Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz | first1=J.
| last2=Szewczuk | first2=W. | last3=Walczak | first3=P.
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume=431 | issue=4 | pages=3396–3407 | date=June 2013
| doi=10.1093/mnras/stt418 | doi-access=free | arxiv=1304.4049
| bibcode=2013MNRAS.431.3396D | s2cid=118524387 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=Bychkov2003>{{citation
| display-authors=1 | last1=Bychkov | first1=V. D.
| last2=Bychkova | first2=L. V. | last3=Madej | first3=J.
| title=Catalogue of averaged stellar effective magnetic fields. I. Chemically peculiar A and B type stars
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume=407 | issue=2 | pages=631–642 | date=August 2003
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20030741 | bibcode=2003A&A...407..631B
| arxiv=astro-ph/0307356 | s2cid=14184105 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=CADARS>{{citation | display-authors=1
| last1=Pasinetti Fracassini | first1=L. E. | last2=Pastori | first2=L.
| last3=Covino | first3=S. | last4=Pozzi | first4=A.
| title=Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS)
| edition=Third | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume=367 | pages=521–524 | date=February 2001
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20000451 | bibcode=2001A&A...367..521P
| arxiv=astro-ph/0012289 | s2cid=425754 | postscript=.}}</ref>
<ref name=Bodensteiner2018>{{citation
| title=Infrared nebulae around bright massive stars as indicators for binary interactions
| last1=Bodensteiner | first1=J. | last2=Baade | first2=D.
| last3=Greiner | first3=J. | last4=Langer | first4=N.
| display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
| volume=618 | id=A110 | pages=13 | date=October 2018
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201832722 | arxiv=1806.01294
| bibcode=2018A&A...618A.110B | s2cid=118972162 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=Gies1992>{{citation
| last1=Gies | first1=Douglas R. | last2=Lambert | first2=David L.
| title=Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen abundances in early B-type stars
| journal=Astrophysical Journal, Part 1
| volume=387 | pages=673–700 |date=March 1992
| doi=10.1086/171116 | bibcode=1992ApJ...387..673G | doi-access=free }}</ref>
}}
{{Stars of Lacerta}}
<!-- Properties -->
{{DEFAULTSORT:12 Lacertae}}
[[Category:B-type giants]]
[[Category:Beta Cephei variables]]
[[Category:Slowly pulsating B-type stars]]
[[Category:A-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Binary stars]]
<!-- Catalogues -->
[[Category:Lacerta]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects|BD+39 4912]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Lacertae, 12]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|214993]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|112031]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|8640]]
[[Category:Objects with variable star designations|Lacertae, DD]]
| 1,235,314,401
|
[{"title": "Observation data \u00b7 Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000", "data": {"Constellation": "Lacerta", "Right ascension": "22h 41m 28.64920s", "Declination": "+40\u00b0 13\u2032 31.6192\u2033", "Apparent magnitude (V)": "5.228"}}, {"title": "Characteristics", "data": {"Spectral type": "B1.5III", "B\u2212V color index": "\u22120.142", "Variable type": "\u03b2 Cep"}}, {"title": "12 Lacertae", "data": {"Radial velocity (Rv)": "\u221212.5\u00b12.2 km/s", "Proper motion (\u03bc)": "RA: \u22122.005 mas/yr \u00b7 Dec.: \u22124.512 mas/yr", "Parallax (\u03c0)": "2.5877\u00b10.1327 mas", "Distance": "1,260 \u00b1 60 ly \u00b7 (390 \u00b1 20 pc)", "Absolute magnitude (MV)": "\u22123.02"}}, {"title": "12 Lacertae", "data": {"Mass": "9.5\u00b10.3 M\u2609", "Radius": "8.4 R\u2609", "Luminosity (bolometric)": "8,877 L\u2609", "Surface gravity (log g)": "3.817\u00b10.047 cgs", "Temperature": "23,809\u00b1450 K", "Metallicity [Fe/H]": "\u22120.41 dex", "Rotational velocity (v sin i)": "44\u00b16 km/s", "Age": "21.8\u00b13.1 Myr"}}, {"title": "Other designations", "data": {"Other designations": "12 Lac, DD Lac, BD+39\u00b04912, GC 31670, HD 214993, HIP 112031, HR 8640, SAO 72627, WDS J22415+4014A"}}, {"title": "Database references", "data": {"SIMBAD": "data"}}]
| false
|
[
7,
623,
9430,
1081,
1014,
203,
885,
9430,
1081,
1014,
377,
298,
4744,
21761,
3399,
1754,
297,
275,
4017,
23222,
291,
9430,
21796,
16,
1573,
10861,
284,
16,
18764,
489,
5780,
1040,
3661,
447,
275,
2941,
1996,
374,
1734,
412,
1104,
18,
571,
377,
11502,
323,
275,
361,
11823,
10676,
389,
298,
18606,
16,
8286,
17,
14765,
331,
1776,
3016,
291,
3080,
408,
298,
1889,
6795,
13915,
10821,
7074,
291,
444,
18,
1414,
18,
380,
1754,
377,
28213,
303,
14163,
323,
275,
5687,
408,
298,
4641,
446,
2316,
407,
10044,
25640,
14146,
291,
399,
885,
18,
25,
18,
571,
377,
298,
14080,
944,
291,
275,
342,
9430,
1081,
1014,
381,
38,
6402,
313,
48,
405,
381,
38,
21,
592,
203,
482,
3776,
14965,
377,
298,
4948,
69,
301,
413,
22114,
15182,
408,
298,
29261,
7429,
291,
320,
21,
18,
25,
5321,
16,
26298,
298,
320,
17,
7408,
3399,
408,
275,
354,
8205,
25198,
1801,
291,
298,
14691,
3399,
18,
571,
667,
848,
1168,
323,
434,
15182,
372,
1152,
1362,
298,
1972,
305,
667,
848,
16479,
4910,
18,
380,
15182,
25640,
14146,
291,
275,
3399,
357,
4549,
404,
348,
18,
294,
18,
5697,
297,
4358,
16,
305,
275,
3080,
19809,
539,
2257,
404,
4234,
18,
380,
304,
8187,
604,
6417,
291,
275,
1642,
14815,
357,
6072,
404,
318,
18,
11607,
9836,
297,
4540,
16,
587,
2187,
323,
741,
291,
275,
609,
2223,
17,
6062,
31924,
15913,
408,
275,
3399,
389,
685,
7574,
18,
2903,
7698,
340,
18,
347,
18,
309,
18,
990,
3458,
15671,
16356,
275,
7730,
3109,
297,
3872,
305,
1030,
1186,
5739,
4481,
282,
291,
13415,
18,
2041,
2734,
16,
1883,
12752,
633,
848,
8989,
18,
203,
482,
15182,
3399,
9880,
291,
275,
3776,
377,
31346,
9430,
1081,
1014,
16,
1451,
623,
9430,
1081,
1014,
377,
275,
19462,
328,
1507,
9880,
18,
432,
1673,
4707,
477,
21625,
297,
7074,
447,
444,
18,
890,
1922,
323,
444,
18,
1442,
408,
298,
1906,
291,
416,
18,
3008,
4229,
18,
1195,
1569,
389,
9085,
2581,
27810,
874,
848,
25360,
16,
408,
275,
16524,
10775,
10214,
298,
12664,
291,
444,
18,
859,
3302,
1875,
4481,
282,
756,
1790,
18,
5500,
24260,
16,
1070,
291,
275,
27810,
1017,
443,
24740,
17,
1247,
1749,
9076,
1000,
408,
4481,
282,
291,
444,
18,
24028,
16,
444,
18,
1354,
24,
16,
305,
444,
18,
27922,
756,
1790,
16,
3847,
778,
26983,
5987,
323,
434,
298,
17308,
3208,
18,
571,
377,
298,
18196,
304,
8187,
1310,
16,
10214,
7081,
3024,
7117,
708,
291,
298,
4948,
69,
301,
413,
22114,
15182,
305,
298,
16445,
304,
8187,
1214,
320,
17,
7408,
3399,
18,
203,
482,
3776,
377,
298,
13518,
3399,
16,
2579,
544,
18,
25,
2931,
275,
4554,
291,
275,
2941,
305,
443,
2441,
291,
1087,
952,
489,
11937,
1040,
2087,
18,
571,
667,
1159,
516,
18,
24,
2931,
275,
384,
4179,
291,
275,
2941,
18,
380,
25780,
14475,
697,
295,
2333,
8231,
291,
275,
5211,
19289,
2333,
377,
313,
22,
16,
29807,
18,
23,
18560,
21,
16,
28181,
18,
29,
13,
10310,
747,
7411,
24,
489,
56,
18,
571,
377,
21042,
1214,
516,
16,
28,
2482,
2931,
275,
354,
8205,
25198,
291,
275,
2941,
447,
685,
3582,
2091,
949,
415,
443,
8772,
11282,
291,
1027,
16,
28,
1868,
489,
47,
18,
380,
6663,
14590,
14146,
291,
275,
3776,
415,
275,
2509,
1310,
377,
2860,
18560,
25,
489,
1602,
19,
87,
31,
1159,
570,
9,
291,
685,
5166,
17,
526,
14146,
18,
2262,
16,
540,
1536,
295,
8399,
11327,
275,
10296,
2910,
377,
27483,
2854,
1152,
14372,
408,
298,
14590,
14146,
291,
914,
323,
1356,
489,
1602,
19,
87,
16,
305,
5123,
275,
3399,
377,
971,
9360,
28754,
10330,
18,
203,
482,
21697,
377,
443,
306,
17,
7408,
1684,
17,
2822,
665,
3399,
408,
298,
29261,
7429,
291,
306,
23,
58,
305,
10821,
7074,
544,
18,
22,
18,
1195,
291,
1742,
16,
477,
633,
443,
5937,
967,
18711,
291,
4728,
1188,
447,
275,
3776,
18,
2047,
377,
298,
29047,
2929,
11523,
361,
613,
387,
25198,
415,
298,
18711,
291,
455,
18,
26,
3080,
17,
22603,
447,
275,
6435,
479,
377,
1222,
6729,
298,
6104,
16957,
18,
203,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
enwiki
| 39,816,491
|
2024-11-01T00:12:11Z
|
en
|
Q16824199
| 16,132
|
{{Use American English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{infobox military unit
|unit_name=135th Indiana Infantry Regiment
|image=
|caption=
|dates=May 23 – September 29, 1864
|country={{flag|United States|1864|23px}}
|allegiance=[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|branch=[[Infantry]]
|type=
|role=
|size=[[Regiment]]
|command_structure=
|garrison=
|garrison_label=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|battles=[[American Civil War]]
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|battle_honours_label=
|disbanded=September 29, 1864
|flying_hours=
|website=
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1=
|commander1_label=
|commander2=
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|commander4=
|commander4_label=
|notable_commanders=
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=
|identification_symbol_label=
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
|identification_symbol_3=
|identification_symbol_3_label=
|identification_symbol_4=
|identification_symbol_4_label=
}}
The '''135th Indiana Infantry Regiment''' served in the [[Union Army]] between May 23 and September 29, 1864, during the [[American Civil War]].
== Service ==
The regiment was organized at [[Indianapolis, Indiana]] and mustered in on May 23, 1864. It was ordered to [[Tennessee]] and [[Alabama]] for railroad guard duty, until late September 1864. The regiment was mustered out on September 29, 1864. During its service the regiment lost twenty-eight men to disease.<ref name="Dyer, 1959, p. 1,157">Dyer (1959), Volume 3. p. 1,157.</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of Indiana Civil War regiments]]
== References ==
{{portal|American Civil War|Indiana}}
{{reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* Dyer, Frederick H. (1959). ''A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion''. New York and London. Thomas Yoseloff, Publisher. {{LCCN|5912963}}.
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Indiana]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1864]]
[[Category:1864 establishments in Indiana]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1864]]
[[Category:1864 disestablishments in the United States]]
| 1,254,645,761
|
[{"title": "135th Indiana Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "May 23 \u2013 September 29, 1864", "Disbanded": "September 29, 1864", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "Infantry", "Size": "Regiment", "Engagements": "American Civil War"}}]
| false
|
[
7,
10540,
365,
6000,
2920,
1980,
203,
482,
10540,
365,
6000,
2920,
1980,
1774,
297,
275,
1867,
1491,
1041,
759,
1027,
305,
809,
1121,
16,
6237,
16,
1029,
275,
1013,
4086,
977,
18,
203,
203,
352,
3097,
203,
482,
3595,
357,
5680,
415,
12529,
16,
6000,
305,
13331,
297,
374,
759,
1027,
16,
6237,
18,
571,
357,
5782,
323,
5564,
305,
5043,
372,
11186,
4763,
7712,
16,
1273,
2409,
809,
6237,
18,
380,
3595,
357,
13331,
905,
374,
809,
1121,
16,
6237,
18,
2782,
685,
2168,
275,
3595,
2704,
6134,
17,
25956,
1937,
323,
8480,
18,
203,
203,
352,
5772,
203,
17,
23889,
16,
3493,
330,
18,
313,
13560,
592,
306,
1318,
474,
975,
291,
275,
977,
291,
275,
14842,
18,
619,
1091,
305,
1511,
18,
1389,
24349,
326,
1921,
16,
28440,
18,
332,
4802,
50,
489,
1658,
17,
17004,
3008,
18,
459,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
enwiki
| 11,883,965
|
2024-11-01T03:02:50Z
|
en
|
Q4549181
| 34,909
|
{{Use American English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{infobox military unit
|unit_name=135th Illinois Infantry Regiment
|image=
|caption=
|dates=June 6–September 28, 1864
|country={{flag|United States|1864|23px}}
|allegiance=[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|branch=[[Infantry]]
|type=
|role=
|size=[[Regiment]]
|command_structure=
|garrison=
|garrison_label=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|battles=[[American Civil War]]
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|battle_honours_label=
|disbanded=September 28, 1864
|flying_hours=
|website=
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1=John S. Wolfe<ref name="Reece, 1900, Volume 7 p. 55">Reece (1900), Volume 7 p. 55.</ref>
|commander1_label=[[Colonel]]
|commander2=
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|commander4=
|commander4_label=
|notable_commanders=
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=
|identification_symbol_label=
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
|identification_symbol_3=
|identification_symbol_3_label=
|identification_symbol_4=
|identification_symbol_4_label=
}}{{Military unit sidebar
|title=Illinois U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
|previous=[[134th Illinois Infantry Regiment]]
|next=[[136th Illinois Infantry Regiment]]
}}
The '''135th Illinois Infantry Regiment''' was an [[infantry regiment]] from [[Illinois]] that served in the [[Union Army]] between June 6 and September 28, 1864, during the [[American Civil War]].
== Service ==
The regiment was organized at [[Mattoon, Illinois]], with a strength of 852 men,<ref name="Reece, 1900, Volume 7 p. 72">Reece (1900), Volume 7 p. 72.</ref> and mustered in for one-hundred-day service on June 6, 1864.<ref name="Reece, 1900, Volume 7 p. 4">Reece (1900), Volume 7 p. 4.</ref><ref name="Dyer, 1959, Volume 3 p. 1,101">Dyer (1959), Volume 3 p. 1,101.</ref> On June 10, the regiment departed for Benton Barracks, Missouri, where they reported to General [[William Rosecrans]].<ref name="Reece, 1900, Volume 7 p. 72">Reece (1900), Volume 7 p. 72.</ref><ref name="Dyer, 1959, Volume 3 p. 1,101">Dyer (1959), Volume 3 p. 1,101.</ref>
From there five companies of the regiment were stationed on the [[Iron Mountain, Missouri|Iron Mountain]] railroad.<ref name="Reece, 1900, Volume 7 p. 72">Reece (1900), Volume 7 p. 72.</ref><ref name="Dyer, 1959, Volume 3 p. 1,101">Dyer (1959), Volume 3 p. 1,101.</ref> Three companies of the regiment were stationed at the [[Gasconade County, Missouri|Gasconade railroad crossing]] and a further two companies stationed at the [[Osage County, Missouri|Osage railroad crossing]] of the [[Missouri Pacific Railroad]] and at [[Jefferson City, Missouri]].<ref name="Reece, 1900, Volume 7 p. 72">Reece (1900), Volume 7 p. 72.</ref><ref name="Dyer, 1959, Volume 3 p. 1,101">Dyer (1959), Volume 3 p. 1,101.</ref> The regiment was mustered out on September 28, 1864.<ref name="Reece, 1900, Volume 7 p. 72">Reece (1900), Volume 7 p. 72.</ref><ref name="Dyer, 1959, Volume 3 p. 1,101">Dyer (1959), Volume 3 p. 1,101.</ref> During its service the regiment lost one man at Gasconade crossing and sixteen men to disease.<ref name="Reece, 1900, Volume 7 pp. 55–72">Reece (1900), Volume 7 pp. 55–72.</ref><ref group="note">According to Frederick H. Dyers' (1959) ''A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion'' Compendium set, the regiment had two men killed and seventeen men died of disease.</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of Illinois Civil War Units]]
== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
== References ==
{{portal|American Civil War|Illinois}}
{{reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* [[Frederick H. Dyer|Dyer, Frederick H.]] (1959). ''A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion''. New York and London. Thomas Yoseloff, Publisher. {{LCCN|5912963}}.
* Reece. Brigadier General J.N. (1900). ''[https://archive.org/details/reportofadjutant07illi1 The Report of Illinois from Military and Naval Department of the Adjutant General of the State of Illinois. Containing Reports for the Years 1861–1866]''. [[Springfield, Illinois]]. Journal Company, Printers and Binders.
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Illinois]]
[[Category:1864 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1864]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1864]]
| 1,254,671,647
|
[{"title": "135th Illinois Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "June 6\u2013September 28, 1864", "Disbanded": "September 28, 1864", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "Infantry", "Size": "Regiment", "Engagements": "American Civil War"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Colonel": "John S. Wolfe"}}, {"title": "", "data": {"Previous": "Next", "134th Illinois Infantry Regiment": "136th Illinois Infantry Regiment"}}]
| false
|
[
7,
10540,
365,
4602,
2920,
1980,
203,
482,
10540,
365,
4602,
2920,
1980,
357,
443,
6930,
3595,
447,
4602,
479,
1774,
297,
275,
1867,
1491,
1041,
844,
475,
305,
809,
1042,
16,
6237,
16,
1029,
275,
1013,
4086,
977,
18,
203,
203,
352,
3097,
203,
482,
3595,
357,
5680,
415,
2303,
643,
274,
16,
4602,
16,
408,
298,
8231,
291,
516,
2124,
1937,
16,
305,
13331,
297,
372,
741,
17,
76,
5487,
17,
1500,
2168,
374,
844,
475,
16,
6237,
18,
1099,
844,
570,
16,
275,
3595,
14312,
372,
19772,
25344,
16,
6292,
16,
1084,
984,
3559,
323,
1668,
882,
2922,
390,
960,
18,
203,
5664,
1182,
1974,
5129,
291,
275,
3595,
539,
13455,
374,
275,
7754,
5151,
11186,
18,
5289,
5129,
291,
275,
3595,
539,
13455,
415,
275,
9744,
1845,
688,
11186,
9337,
305,
298,
3289,
740,
5129,
13455,
415,
275,
3569,
585,
11186,
9337,
291,
275,
6292,
4218,
7820,
305,
415,
8521,
1198,
16,
6292,
18,
380,
3595,
357,
13331,
905,
374,
809,
1042,
16,
6237,
18,
2782,
685,
2168,
275,
3595,
2704,
741,
1145,
415,
9744,
1845,
688,
9337,
305,
15780,
1937,
323,
8480,
18,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
enwiki
| 15,402,014
|
2024-12-22T18:52:46Z
|
en
|
Q4549672
| 141,723
|
{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}{{Use Hiberno-English|date=December 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{YearInIrelandNav | 1420 }}
Events from the year '''1420 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbent==
*[[Lordship of Ireland|Lord]]: [[Henry V of England|Henry V]]
==Events==
* [[Luttrellstown Castle]] was completed.
==Births==
*[[24 November]] – [[James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormonde]], [[Lord Lieutenant]] (d. [[1461 in Ireland|1461]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Crone |first=John Smyth |date=1928 |title=A Concise Dictionary of Irish Biography |volume=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ngYAQAAIAAJ&q=1420 |location=New York |publisher=[[Longman|Longman's, Green and Company]] |page=24 |access-date=February 26, 2024}}</ref>
==Deaths==
* [[Giolla na Naomh O hUidhrin]], Irish historian and poet
* [[Thomas FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Desmond]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1420}}
[[Category:1420s in Ireland]]
[[Category:1420 by country|Ireland]]
[[Category:Years of the 15th century in Ireland]]
{{Ireland-year-stub}}
| 1,264,635,052
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1419 - 1418 - 1417 - 1416 - 1415": "1420 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1421 - 1422 - 1423 - 1424 - 1425", "Centuries": "13th 14th 15th 16th 17th", "Decades": "1400s 1410s 1420s 1430s 1440s", "See also": "Other events of 1420 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false
|
[
7,
659,
605,
297,
2501,
203,
4334,
447,
275,
687,
659,
605,
297,
2501,
18,
203,
203,
352,
3640,
203,
17,
1872,
30,
1659,
421,
459,
203,
352,
3158,
203,
17,
332,
4195,
5474,
8592,
3603,
357,
2973,
18,
459,
203,
352,
3444,
203,
17,
981,
810,
399,
1248,
8118,
16,
444,
365,
2521,
291,
25869,
73,
16,
1872,
3105,
313,
72,
18,
659,
3079,
1471,
21,
65,
459,
203,
352,
3591,
203,
17,
3865,
20066,
11449,
5267,
316,
76,
381,
331,
57,
358,
6067,
269,
16,
2911,
4922,
305,
1942,
203,
17,
1389,
6015,
28651,
16,
444,
365,
2521,
291,
21537,
459,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
enwiki
| 18,499,343
|
2022-09-15T20:52:50Z
|
en
|
Q1187492
| 104,063
|
{{Short description|Line of longitude}}
{{Location map-line|lon=-141}}
{{kml}}
[[File:yukonwikimap.PNG|thumb|right|260px|The western border of [[Yukon]] (with [[Alaska]]) is defined by the meridian.]]
The '''meridian 141° west of [[Prime Meridian|Greenwich]]''' is a line of [[longitude]] that extends from the [[North Pole]] across the [[Arctic Ocean]], [[North America]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], the [[Southern Ocean]], and [[Antarctica]] to the [[South Pole]].
The 141st meridian west forms a [[great circle]] with the [[39th meridian east]].
Most of the border between [[Alaska|Alaska, United States]] and [[Yukon|Yukon, Canada]] is defined by the meridian, meaning the western extremity of Canada lies on this meridian.<ref>[http://www.adn.com/article/20140727/trail-monuments-men-border-crews-cut-20-foot-swath-alaska-yukon-line On the trail of the monuments men: Border crews cut 20-foot swath on Alaska-Yukon line]</ref>
==From Pole to Pole==
Starting at the [[North Pole]] and heading south to the [[South Pole]], the 141st meridian west passes through:
:{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width="130" | Co-ordinates
! scope="col" | Country, territory or sea
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|90|0|N|141|0|W|type:waterbody|name=Arctic Ocean}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[North Pole|Geographical North Pole]] in the [[Arctic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|73|40|N|141|0|W|type:waterbody|name=Beaufort Sea}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Beaufort Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|69|39|N|141|0|W|type:country|name=United States / Canada border}}
! scope="row" | {{USA}} / {{CAN}} border
| [[Alaska]] / [[Yukon]]
|-
| {{Coord|60|19|N|141|0|W|type:country|name=United States}}
! scope="row" | {{USA}}
| [[Alaska]] ([[Yakutat City and Borough, Alaska|Yakutat City and Borough]])
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|59|46|N|141|0|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just west of [[Eiao]] island, {{PYF}} (at {{Coord|8|0|S|140|43|W|type:isle|name=Eiao}})<br/> Passing just east of [[Napuka]] atoll, {{PYF}} (at {{Coord|14|11|S|141|10|W|type:isle|name=Napuka}})<br/> Passing just west of [[Fangatau]] atoll, {{PYF}} (at {{Coord|15|49|S|140|53|W|type:isle|name=Fangatau}})<br/> Passing just west of [[Amanu]] atoll, {{PYF}} (at {{Coord|17|51|S|140|50|W|type:isle|name=Amanu}})
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|18|4|S|141|0|W|type:country|name=French Polynesia}}
! scope="row" | {{PYF}}
| [[Hao (French Polynesia)|Hao]] atoll
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|18|11|S|141|0|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just west of [[Paraoa]] atoll, {{PYF}} (at {{Coord|19|7|S|140|43|W|type:isle|name=Paraoa}})<br/> Passing just east of [[Manuhangi]] atoll, {{PYF}} (at {{Coord|19|12|S|141|13|W|type:isle|name=Manuhangi}})
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|60|0|S|141|0|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|75|35|S|141|0|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
! scope="row" | [[Antarctica]]
| [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|Unclaimed territory]]
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[140th meridian west]]
*[[142nd meridian west]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Meridians (geography)|w141 meridian west]]
[[Category:Canada–United States border]]
[[Category:Borders of Alaska]]
[[Category:Borders of Yukon]]
| 1,110,500,280
|
[]
| false
|
[
7,
12750,
328,
25508,
2633,
203,
20432,
5671,
389,
30,
203,
17,
20183,
203,
17,
9960,
313,
412,
5671,
13,
203,
17,
9960,
313,
18794,
5671,
13,
203,
17,
9960,
313,
17828,
5671,
13,
203,
203,
482,
25508,
12750,
615,
2633,
291,
16385,
377,
298,
1703,
291,
14105,
479,
14892,
447,
275,
1094,
12726,
3320,
275,
18272,
6405,
16,
1094,
2836,
16,
275,
4218,
6405,
16,
275,
3353,
6405,
16,
305,
17150,
323,
275,
947,
12726,
18,
203,
482,
12750,
328,
25508,
2633,
5860,
298,
3054,
15420,
408,
275,
2112,
365,
25508,
2859,
18,
203,
12666,
291,
275,
5993,
1041,
12362,
16,
887,
1135,
305,
24648,
16,
2270,
377,
8497,
404,
275,
25508,
16,
6328,
275,
4473,
7797,
449,
291,
2270,
6251,
374,
778,
25508,
18,
203,
203,
352,
2835,
12726,
323,
12726,
203,
27454,
415,
275,
1094,
12726,
305,
16766,
1854,
323,
275,
947,
12726,
16,
275,
12750,
328,
25508,
2633,
9317,
1200,
30,
203,
96,
1190,
17,
18135,
950,
266,
4023,
16,
6076,
521,
4448,
705,
266,
3966,
425,
17393,
266,
203,
96,
8379,
266,
12975,
266,
8212,
29280,
11821,
4345,
266,
203,
96,
3784,
615,
20,
946,
50,
12750,
615,
20,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
3302,
18,
772,
615,
50,
12750,
18,
772,
615,
59,
225,
266,
27584,
1094,
12726,
297,
275,
18272,
6405,
266,
425,
16110,
266,
203,
96,
4710,
615,
1397,
946,
50,
12750,
615,
20,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
3264,
18,
11464,
615,
50,
12750,
18,
772,
615,
59,
266,
26900,
5089,
1482,
266,
425,
16110,
266,
203,
96,
4728,
615,
1681,
946,
50,
12750,
615,
20,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
2384,
18,
17319,
615,
50,
12750,
18,
772,
615,
59,
266,
887,
1135,
1057,
2270,
5993,
473,
266,
12362,
1057,
24648,
425,
1985,
266,
203,
96,
2645,
615,
512,
946,
50,
12750,
615,
20,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
2141,
18,
21744,
615,
50,
12750,
18,
772,
615,
59,
266,
887,
1135,
1281,
266,
12362,
313,
61,
451,
386,
278,
1198,
305,
9361,
13,
425,
8550,
266,
203,
96,
2983,
615,
1736,
946,
50,
12750,
615,
20,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
1658,
18,
21745,
615,
50,
12750,
18,
772,
615,
59,
266,
4218,
6405,
1281,
266,
24063,
2246,
2633,
291,
359,
10416,
4097,
16,
1216,
24600,
17032,
313,
278,
516,
615,
20,
946,
55,
8477,
615,
2218,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
28,
18,
772,
615,
55,
8477,
18,
23659,
615,
59,
13,
907,
24063,
2246,
2859,
291,
5686,
6867,
415,
625,
16,
1216,
24600,
17032,
313,
278,
659,
615,
954,
946,
55,
12750,
615,
747,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
922,
18,
16103,
615,
55,
12750,
18,
10758,
615,
59,
13,
907,
24063,
2246,
2633,
291,
18161,
278,
987,
415,
625,
16,
1216,
24600,
17032,
313,
278,
600,
615,
1780,
946,
55,
8477,
615,
2129,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
894,
18,
25288,
615,
55,
8477,
18,
26718,
615,
59,
13,
907,
24063,
2246,
2633,
291,
31141,
89,
415,
625,
16,
1216,
24600,
17032,
313,
278,
555,
615,
2172,
946,
55,
8477,
615,
1132,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
859,
18,
16080,
615,
55,
8477,
18,
14663,
615,
59,
13,
266,
203,
96,
433,
615,
24,
946,
55,
12750,
615,
20,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
711,
18,
19279,
615,
55,
12750,
18,
772,
615,
59,
225,
266,
1216,
24600,
17032,
1128,
266,
330,
2858,
415,
625,
425,
14585,
266,
203,
96,
433,
615,
954,
946,
55,
12750,
615,
20,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
711,
18,
16103,
615,
55,
12750,
18,
772,
615,
59,
266,
4218,
6405,
1281,
266,
24063,
2246,
2633,
291,
1241,
2858,
69,
415,
625,
16,
1216,
24600,
17032,
313,
278,
335,
615,
27,
946,
55,
8477,
615,
2218,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
512,
18,
11300,
615,
55,
8477,
18,
23659,
615,
59,
13,
907,
24063,
2246,
2859,
291,
1149,
7699,
14903,
415,
625,
16,
1216,
24600,
17032,
313,
278,
335,
615,
885,
946,
55,
12750,
615,
913,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
512,
18,
1253,
615,
55,
12750,
18,
19615,
615,
59,
13,
29251,
266,
203,
96,
2645,
615,
20,
946,
55,
12750,
615,
20,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
2141,
18,
772,
615,
55,
12750,
18,
772,
615,
59,
225,
266,
3353,
6405,
1432,
266,
425,
16110,
266,
203,
96,
3673,
615,
1603,
946,
55,
12750,
615,
20,
946,
59,
955,
1057,
1522,
2547,
18,
18182,
615,
55,
12750,
18,
772,
615,
59,
266,
17150,
1726,
266,
522,
9987,
6076,
425,
15525,
266,
203,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
enwiki
| 467,170
|
2024-09-09T03:15:17Z
|
en
|
Q722681
| 31,766
|
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1640|science}}
{{Science year nav|1640}}
The year '''1640 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events.
==Botany==
* [[John Parkinson (botanist)|John Parkinson]] publishes ''Theatrum Botanicum:The Theater of Plants, or, An Herbal of a Large Extent''.<ref>{{cite web|first=Linh|last=Tran|title=Theatrum Botanicum: The Theater of Plants, or, An Herbal of a Large Extent|url=http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cushing/Parkin1.htm|publisher=[[Texas A&M University]] Bioinformatics Working Group|accessdate=2011-04-01| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081105001300/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cushing/Parkin1.htm| archivedate=November 5, 2008<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
==Mathematics==
* The 16-year-old [[Blaise Pascal]] demonstrates the properties of the ''[[hexagrammum mysticum]]'' in his ''Essai pour les coniques'' which he sends to [[Marin Mersenne|Mersenne]].
* October 18 – [[Fermat]] states his "[[Fermat's little theorem|little theorem]]" in a letter to [[Bernard Frénicle de Bessy|Frénicle de Bessy]]: if ''p'' is a [[prime number]], then for any [[integer]] ''a'', ''a''<sup> ''p''</sup> − ''a'' will be divisible by ''p''.
* December 25 – Fermat claims a proof of the [[Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares|theorem on sums of two squares]] in a letter to Mersenne ("Fermat's Christmas Theorem"): an [[Even and odd numbers|odd]] [[prime number|prime]] ''p'' is expressible as the sum of two squares.
==Technology==
* The [[Micrometer (device)|micrometer]] is developed.
* A form of [[bayonet]] is invented; in later years it will gradually replace the [[pike (weapon)|pike]].
* The [[reticle telescope]] is developed and initiates the birth of [[sharpshooting]].
==Births==
* April 1 – [[Georg Mohr]], [[Danish people|Danish]] [[mathematician]] (died [[1697 in science|1697]])
* December 13 (''bapt.'') – [[Robert Plot]], [[English people|English]] [[naturalist]] and [[chemist]] and illustrator of the first [[dinosaur]] [[fossil]] (died [[1696 in science|1696]])
* [[Elias Tillandz]], Swedish physician and botanist in Finland (died [[1693 in science|1693]])
==Deaths==
* December 22 – [[Jean de Beaugrand]], [[French people|French]] mathematician (born c. 1584)
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1640 in science| ]]
[[Category:17th century in science]]
[[Category:1640s in science]]
| 1,244,774,717
|
[]
| false
|
[
7,
16626,
297,
4944,
203,
482,
687,
16626,
297,
4944,
305,
6183,
3916,
1399,
3812,
2430,
18,
203,
203,
352,
29695,
203,
17,
689,
22239,
9201,
28537,
6572,
16091,
19436,
30,
482,
9370,
291,
28915,
16,
521,
16,
556,
1518,
9625,
291,
298,
17978,
11631,
325,
904,
21,
65,
459,
203,
352,
17153,
203,
17,
380,
583,
17,
2635,
17,
607,
25217,
1126,
25779,
23217,
275,
7861,
291,
275,
21853,
17558,
81,
394,
8473,
19436,
297,
492,
7944,
928,
16008,
11806,
448,
7869,
587,
446,
15168,
323,
28676,
18206,
18,
203,
17,
797,
433,
399,
26263,
278,
4024,
492,
424,
80,
2517,
15840,
6,
297,
298,
6755,
323,
20719,
82,
2809,
502,
15211,
93,
30,
2556,
304,
377,
298,
10914,
1345,
16,
1131,
372,
1885,
26883,
298,
16,
298,
489,
84,
489,
7411,
489,
69,
1701,
434,
3093,
27700,
404,
304,
18,
203,
17,
850,
943,
399,
26263,
278,
8333,
298,
17564,
291,
275,
15840,
374,
287,
4572,
291,
740,
29137,
297,
298,
6755,
323,
28676,
18206,
3600,
42,
1020,
278,
422,
6914,
380,
277,
351,
6,
3099,
443,
15399,
10914,
304,
377,
4920,
1740,
389,
275,
12236,
291,
740,
29137,
18,
459,
203,
352,
5976,
203,
17,
380,
6379,
419,
1165,
377,
3718,
18,
203,
17,
306,
1017,
291,
10393,
274,
344,
377,
17988,
31,
297,
1147,
1040,
477,
1701,
13396,
10374,
275,
304,
1462,
18,
203,
17,
380,
961,
2809,
27211,
377,
3718,
305,
7214,
650,
275,
5667,
291,
15446,
1053,
791,
303,
18,
459,
203,
352,
3444,
203,
17,
849,
284,
399,
2238,
4454,
86,
16,
5702,
7698,
313,
1058,
26988,
13,
203,
17,
850,
672,
313,
24322,
2185,
399,
1626,
6712,
16,
1179,
14453,
305,
12095,
305,
17917,
291,
275,
609,
319,
15166,
3205,
18045,
313,
1058,
23501,
13,
203,
17,
19529,
16943,
290,
94,
16,
4131,
6475,
305,
10720,
297,
6719,
313,
1058,
27277,
13,
459,
203,
352,
3591,
203,
17,
850,
952,
399,
2685,
502,
1340,
4777,
8797,
16,
1216,
7698,
313,
893,
299,
18,
23377,
13,
459,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
enwiki
| 21,234,010
|
2024-06-27T19:39:28Z
|
en
|
Q4551475
| 34,312
|
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1645|poetry|literature}}
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, [[Irish poetry|Irish]] or [[French poetry|France]]).
==Events==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}
==Works published==
===[[English poetry|Great Britain]]===
* [[Francis Quarles]], ''Solomon's Recantation, entitled Ecclesiastes Paraphrased''<ref name=cocel>Cox, Michael, editor, ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature'', Oxford University Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-19-860634-6}}</ref>
* Sir [[Robert Stapylton]], translator, ''Erotopagnion'', translated from the original [[Latin poetry|Latin]] of the ''Musaeus''<ref name=cocel/>
* [[Edmund Waller]], ''Poems''<ref name=cocel/>
* [[George Wither]], ''Vox Pacifica: A Voice Tending to the Pacification of God's Wrath''<ref name=cocel/>
===Other===
* [[Adrián de Alesio]], ''El Angélico'' ("The Angel"), dedicated to Saint [[Thomas Aquinas]]
* [[Sheikh Muhammad]], ''Yoga-samgrama''
==Works incorrectly dated this year==
* [[John Milton]], ''[[Milton's 1645 Poems|Poems of Mr John Milton, Both English and Latin]]'', published [[1646 in poetry|1646]], according to ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature'', notwithstanding the book's title page<ref name=cocel/>
==Births==
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* April 11 – [[Juan del Valle y Caviedes]] (died [[1697 in poetry|1697]]), [[Spanish poetry|Spanish]]-born [[Peruvian literature|Peruvian]] poet and author
==Deaths==
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* March 10 – [[William Strode (poet)|William Strode]] (born c.[[1602 in poetry|1602]]), [[English poetry|English]] poet
* April 3 ''(bur.)'' – [[Emilia Lanier]], also spelled "Aemilia Lanyer" (born [[1569 in poetry|1569]]), [[English poetry|English]]
* July 7 – [[Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim]] (born [[1569 in poetry|1569]]), [[German poetry|German]] officer and poet
* July 13 – [[Marie de Gournay]], also known as Marie le Jars, demoiselle de Gournay (born c. [[1566 in poetry|1566]]), [[French poetry|French]] writer, author of feminist tracts and poet; a close associate of [[Michel de Montaigne]]; buried in the [[Église Saint-Eustache, Paris|Saint-Eustache Church]] in Paris
* August 28 – [[Hugo Grotius]] (born [[1583 in poetry|1583]]), [[Dutch poetry|Dutch]] jurist, philosopher, theologian, Christian apologist, playwright and poet
* August 31 – [[Francesco Bracciolini]] (born [[1566 in poetry|1566]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]]
* September 8 – [[Francisco de Quevedo]] (born [[1580 in poetry|1580]]), [[Spanish poetry|Spanish]] nobleman, politician and [[Spanish Golden Age|Golden Age]] poet
* [[William Browne (poet)|William Browne]] (born [[1590 in poetry|1590]]), [[English poetry|English]] pastoral poet
* [[Feng Menglong]] (born [[1574 in poetry|1574]]), Chinese writer and poet
==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
*[[Poetry]]
* [[17th century in poetry]]
* [[17th century in literature]]
* [[Cavalier poets]] in England, who supported the monarch against the puritans in the English Civil War
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:17th-century poetry]]
[[Category:1645|Poetry]]
[[Category:1645 poems|*]]
| 1,231,333,010
|
[]
| false
|
[
7,
24248,
297,
5827,
203,
29362,
6708,
4696,
323,
6944,
408,
3685,
374,
275,
6634,
422,
5827,
521,
5792,
313,
1374,
11012,
16,
2911,
521,
1685,
592,
203,
203,
352,
3912,
1713,
203,
203,
553,
2366,
3465,
203,
17,
3495,
1584,
641,
282,
16,
12887,
422,
1596,
466,
364,
16,
8678,
9797,
19664,
282,
1241,
458,
6067,
822,
63,
21,
65,
203,
17,
2242,
1626,
19932,
1265,
593,
16,
10907,
16,
2107,
338,
414,
5562,
307,
16,
9365,
447,
275,
1686,
5255,
291,
275,
2975,
11477,
63,
21,
65,
203,
17,
8253,
29502,
16,
14025,
63,
21,
65,
203,
17,
1194,
23163,
16,
421,
1480,
4218,
69,
30,
306,
10417,
311,
3707,
323,
275,
3723,
2244,
291,
3580,
422,
348,
16529,
63,
21,
65,
459,
203,
553,
2555,
203,
17,
16680,
3374,
502,
536,
282,
702,
16,
1258,
1936,
8460,
1923,
3600,
482,
3340,
7823,
6167,
323,
2821,
1389,
8257,
14436,
203,
17,
17614,
8358,
16,
504,
7078,
17,
87,
321,
845,
1393,
459,
203,
352,
3912,
20674,
373,
9885,
778,
687,
203,
17,
689,
12737,
16,
14025,
291,
3001,
689,
12737,
16,
5893,
1179,
305,
5255,
16,
1713,
22482,
16,
5002,
323,
380,
6618,
1126,
4353,
11217,
1436,
291,
1179,
9532,
16,
606,
4154,
4530,
275,
1697,
422,
2073,
8010,
63,
21,
65,
459,
203,
352,
3444,
203,
19296,
1040,
4696,
323,
275,
11017,
12239,
2635,
65,
297,
5827,
6,
4704,
30,
203,
17,
849,
612,
399,
5473,
2335,
21883,
564,
10780,
602,
282,
313,
1058,
26988,
533,
2722,
17,
893,
28271,
1942,
305,
2163,
459,
203,
352,
3591,
203,
24208,
1040,
4696,
323,
275,
11017,
12239,
2635,
65,
297,
5827,
6,
4704,
30,
203,
17,
816,
570,
399,
882,
409,
17116,
313,
893,
299,
18,
890,
2271,
533,
1179,
1942,
203,
17,
849,
383,
313,
1015,
2185,
399,
9304,
418,
5983,
773,
16,
661,
19584,
424,
37,
351,
14579,
332,
757,
272,
6,
313,
893,
26822,
533,
1179,
203,
17,
857,
505,
399,
2238,
7056,
291,
27037,
1902,
268,
17,
5906,
16266,
4114,
17,
6853,
751,
385,
5076,
313,
893,
26822,
533,
983,
3754,
305,
1942,
203,
17,
857,
672,
399,
5819,
502,
339,
1444,
360,
16,
661,
1168,
389,
5819,
552,
347,
1279,
16,
2297,
3477,
4276,
502,
339,
1444,
360,
313,
893,
299,
18,
29454,
533,
1216,
2453,
16,
2163,
291,
18134,
940,
4129,
305,
1942,
31,
298,
4109,
12305,
291,
6887,
502,
1916,
2829,
73,
31,
6878,
297,
275,
2821,
17,
41,
484,
9724,
2142,
297,
2754,
203,
17,
820,
1042,
399,
13156,
861,
338,
1487,
313,
893,
22050,
533,
2903,
16827,
16,
7355,
16,
7904,
16,
2749,
5557,
3757,
16,
10131,
305,
1942,
203,
17,
820,
1352,
399,
8479,
1918,
729,
2757,
1984,
313,
893,
29454,
533,
1841,
203,
17,
809,
516,
399,
4604,
502,
1584,
460,
4142,
313,
893,
21609,
533,
2722,
5481,
16,
1760,
305,
6021,
6313,
1942,
203,
17,
882,
16608,
313,
893,
19702,
533,
1179,
4186,
6416,
1942,
203,
17,
14215,
26793,
7270,
313,
893,
600,
3123,
533,
2881,
2453,
305,
1942,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3
] |
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 11